Anatomical Changes. ggg 



imbedded in one or more lobes of tbe gland. In rare cases 

 the gland is enlarged; section of the udder shows enlargement 

 of the affected lobules which contain small, yellow points in 

 their centers so that the cut surface appears granulated and 

 suggests the picture_of miliary tuberculosis (Jensen). 



Generalized actinomycosis is very rare. In such cases 

 metastases are present chiefly in the lungs, in the liver, in 

 the kidneys, in the brain, in the subcutaneous connective tissue, 

 in the udder and, finally, also in the internal as well as external 

 lymph glands. 



Localization of the lesions of actinomycosis seems to vary according to its 

 geographical occurrence. In the compilations made by Mitteldorf for Bavaria, 

 including 3621 eases, the head and neck were affected in 75.5%; the tongue in 

 23.3%, the abdominal organs in 0.77%, the udder in 0.05%. Imminger found the 

 head and neck affected in 85 to 90%, the tongue in only 4 to 8% of all cases 

 observed. In the abattoir of Budapest on the other hand, actinomycosis of the 

 tongue is much more frequent than disease of the maxellae (Breuer). In Eussia, 

 according to Jelenenszki, disease of the lips is conspicuously frequent, thus 37.9% 

 of all cases observed in Moscow, 85.9% in Tiflis, 81.6% in Jelisawetgrad. 

 KowaJewsky also found the head affected in 99% (1465 cases) of which number 

 57% were affections of the submaxillary lymph glands 6% of the retropharyngeal 

 lymph glands, 8% of the lower lips. According to Mari (Moscow) on the other 

 hand, the skin is the most frequent seat of the disease (271 out of 541 cases), 

 next in order being the parotid gland, 177 cases, and last the bones of the head, 

 117 cases (this author classifies tumors extending from the skin or from the glands 

 to the maxillary bones according to the original point of infection). According 

 to Schouten the tongue is the most common seat of the disease in England, Ger- 

 many and Italy, the maxillary bones in Trance and the lips in Russia, the liver in 

 Denmark, the submaxillary and sublingual glands, the lungs and the maxillary 

 bones in Holland. In the abattoir of Amsterdam 33 to 65% of all cases were 

 affections of the udder. 



In horses aetinomycomata develop most frequently in the 

 inguinal canal where they may attain the size of a child's head 

 and may extend into the abdominal cavity. Their tough con- 

 nective tissue contains yellowish gelatinous foci in which are 

 imbedded the actinomyces colonies (the anatomical structure 

 is much the same as that in botryomycosis of the spermatic 

 cord). Actinomycosis has also been observed in the superior 

 and inferior maxillae and in the submaxillary lymph glands 

 (Schmidt), in the cervical and bronchial glands, in the tongue, 

 "the lips, the udder, the bones and the muscles (Struwe, in 

 generalized form), in the lung, liver and spleen (Bruschettini) 

 as well as in the skin and in the subcutaneous connective tissue. 



In swine primary actinomycosis of the mammary glands 

 is the most frequent form of the disease (Rasmussen observed 

 in Copenhagen 52 cases in the course of 3 months). The 

 mammary glands become partially or wholly transformed into 

 a firm swelling approaching the size of a man's head, and on 

 the surface of which the teats seem shrunken and not infre- 

 quently gangrenous. The main mass of the tumor in these 

 as in other animals consists of a very tough connective tissue 

 structure, lardaceous in appearance and in it are imbedded 

 small or large abscesses filled with greenish-yellow pus or foci 

 consisting of soft, marrow-like tissue. These foci frequently 



