Pathogenicity. 683 



in the lungs. Subcutaneous inoculation also is followed by the 

 development of symptoms of nasal glanders. 



The alimentary administration of small quantities of vir- 

 ulent culture of glanders bacilli (0.01 to 0.02 gm.) usually 

 results in the development of miliary interstitial nodules of 

 glanders in the lungs, especially near the pleural envelope, sub- 

 sequently these may develop into broncho-pneumonic foci or dif- 

 fuse, lesions of glanders (Nocard, MacFadyeah - Eiegler, 

 Hutyra). In some, but by no means in all cases, nodules may 

 also develop in the abdominal organs, especially in the liver. 

 The mesenteric and the intermaxillary lymph glands may also 

 become affected. The feeding of large masses of virus is fol- 

 lowed by the formation of glanderous lesions in the intestinal 

 mucous membrane, in the lymphatics, in the lungs as well as in 

 other organs also (Schuetz). 



Inhalation of an atomized bouillon culture produces a diffuse 

 inflammatory swelling, attended with the formation of nodules 

 and ulcers in the lower portion of the nasal cavities, also pneu- 

 monic areas in the lungs, which symptoms are soon followed by 

 a fatal general infection. 



According to Johne, the character of the malleous process is dependent_ vipon 

 the virulence of the infections material ; highly virulent bacilli producing ' acute 

 lesions with tendency to ulcerous degeneration, while attenuated bacilli give rise to 

 connective tissue, new formations (fibroid glanderous cicatrices^ proliferations) as 

 well as to transparent nodules that subsequently become fibrous. 



Among other animals that are very susceptible to infection 

 with glanders may be mentioned guinea pigs, cats and young 

 dogs (see diagnosis), as well as species of arvicola and field mice 

 (Kitt) ; mice die within three or four days after subcutaneous 

 infection, post-mortem examination revealing small pus foci 

 in the spleen, liver and occasionally also in the lungs (house 

 mice and white mice, on the other hand, are only slightly sus- 

 ceptible, while rats are immune). Sheep and goats may occa- 

 sionally be infected experimentally (Csokor, Penchu), also 

 swine (Cadeac & Malet, Saccharow), while camels are very sus- 

 ceptible (Petrowsky) and cattle practically immune. Fowls also 

 resist experimental infection. 



According to Sacharow, Aruch & Petrini, as well as according to Galtier & 

 Nicolas, subcutaneous inoculation of virulent glanders bacilli in cattle is followed 

 by local abscesses, while intravenous administration produces respiratory symp- 

 tems and temporary swelling of the joints. In a cow that had repeatedly been 

 treated with dead cultures, Eiegler succeeded in producing a fatal disease by the 

 intravenous injection of a virulent culture. Nodules and ulcers were found in the 

 lungs, mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx as well as in the lymph glands. 

 On the other hand, Prettner observed transitory illness in a calf following intra- 

 venous injection of 26 gm. of a culture of the bacilli. 



The virulence of the bacilli is attenuated by passage through the bodies of 

 Spermophilus citillus or through rabbits (Gamaleia), while serial inoculations into 

 the central nervous system of susceptible animals (Tedeechi) and passage through 

 young cats (Foth) increases their virulence. According to Bulloch & Twodt virus 

 cultivated from lesions from man are extremely virulent. 



