698 Glanders. 



whicli simulates heaves may persist unchanged for a long 

 time or it is gradually aggravated; percussion of the thorax 

 reveals nothing abnormal and auscultation at most dry or moist 

 rales. In rare instances the percussion sounds may be some- 

 what dulled in some regions or even quite flat as a result of 

 atelectatasis, glanderous infiltration or extensive glanderous 

 "growths" in certain areas of the lungs; upon auscultation the 

 absence of the normal respiratory sounds is noted or there 

 may be distinct vesicular or bronchial respiration admixed with 

 rales; occasionally there may be bronchial respiration in the 

 area in question. Respiration is of the costo-abdominal type 

 and more or less labored. At the trachea large moist bubbling 

 rales may then usually be heard while abnormal sensitiveness, 

 painful spasmodic cough or excessive inspiratory dyspnea as 

 well as stertorous or snoring respiration point to an affection 

 of the larynx. 



In some cases after these symptoms have existed for some 

 time and while the animals have gradually become emaciated, 

 more characteristic lesions of glanders make their appearance 

 either on the nasal mucous membranes or on the sMn or in 

 both regions; previous to this an edematous painless swelling 

 of the sheath or of the udder and of the extremities may be 

 observed, which may disappear and reappear from time to 

 time. In exceptional cases exclusive affection of the lungs may 

 be attended with unilateral enlargement and abscess formation 

 of the submaxillary glands (Eggeling). 



Nasal glanders begins with inconspicuous symptoms of 

 nasal catarrh. The mucous membranes are moderately red- 

 dened and there is a slight unilateral or bilateral serous nasal 

 discharge which subsequently becomes more mucous. Later on 

 it becomes more copious and purulent or may consist of a 

 mixture of a greenish-yellow serous secretion with white masses 

 resembling coagulated egg albumen; sometimes there are 

 streaks of blood. The secretion adheres to the alae of the 

 nostrils and forms dry crusts or is ejected in large quantity 

 by coughing or snorting. 



In the meantime the catarrhal injection and swelling be- 

 comes more pronounced and the veins are here and there dis- 

 tended. When the morbid process remains confined to the 

 upper portions of the nasal cavities this condition may con- 

 tinue for weeks or even months without material change. After 

 a certain time, however, gray or yellowish nodules of the size 

 of hemp seeds or lentils make their appearance in the lower 

 third of the cavities; these soon break down into small ulcers 

 with rather smooth and sharply defined borders, they spread 

 rapidly however and assume ragged outlines, raised borders 

 and a lardaceous base. Their favorite seat is at the lower 

 end of the turbinated bones and the opposite surface of the 

 septum. They may finally extend to the edge of the nostrils 



