726 Glanders. 



panied by continuous fever, extreme pain, a conspicuous dis- 

 turbance of function, in addition to which the abscesses after 

 perforation heal readily by active granulation.— Botryomycosis, 

 in those cases where subcutaneous tumors undergo suppura- 

 tion attended with edematous infiltration of the surrounding 

 tissue; in these cases there is also active granulation and the 

 efferent lymph vessels are not involved. — In ulcerous lymph- 

 angioitis the cutaneous ulcers are very similar to those of 

 glanders, but the regional lymph glands are not enlarged, a 

 short bacillus which takes Gram's stain is present in the 

 ulcerous secretions, while in epizootic lymphangioitis the pres- 

 ence of coccus-like structures which do not readily stain con- 

 firms the diagnosis ; furthermore, no reactions follow the injec- 

 tion of mallein in this disease. — Urticaria is characterized by 

 its sudden appearance and the equally sudden subsidence of 

 the cutaneous swellings. — Contagious acne is characterized by 

 pustule formation and the rapid, complete healing of the small 

 ulcers. — In morbus maculosus we have extensive swellings with 

 abrupt contour. Cutaneous nodes caused by nematodes are 

 characterized by their permanence and their hemorrhagic 

 character. 



Chronic inflammatory affections of the lungs in general and 

 pursiness resulting therefrom have so much in common with 

 pulmonary glanders in their general symptoms, that their 

 presence can never be definitely excluded in suspicious cases. 

 Since these conditions are frequently attended by poor general 

 nutrition the mallein test (and in protracted cases serodiag- 

 nostic methods as well) may not enable us to arrive at a 

 definite diagnosis. It is, therefore, necessary that animals thus 

 affected be kept under careful observation for some time so 

 that any characteristic symptoms of glanders may be discovered 

 at once. In this respect torpid edematous swellings, bloody 

 bronchial secretions as well as cachectic symptoms in general 

 demand consideration. 



As far as the pathologioo-anatomical diagnosis is concerned the following 

 morbid processes are of particular imporlance: Peribronchitis nodosa multiplex 

 (Dieckerhoff) s. Nodosis pulmonum; this is characterised by uniformly gray, firm, 

 frequently calcified nodules ranging in size from a poppy seed to that of a lentil, 

 the surrounding pulmonary tissue showing no evidence of reactive inflammation; 

 the peribronchial lymph glands also are intact in this afiiection. — Peribronchitis 

 diffusa and Pneumonia interstitialis chronica: the walls of the bronchial tubes are 

 uniformly thickened, the inter-alveolar connective tissue is uniformly indurated in 

 large surrounding areas; nodules are present and there is no gelatinous infiltration 

 of the tissue nor enlargement of the lymph glands. — In pneumonia catarrhalis of 

 young horses the hepatized pulmonary areas are uniformly red or grayish-red and 

 without soft centers, although there is acute swelling of the peribronchial lymph 

 glands they contain no caseous foci. — In tuberculosis we find as a rule in addition 

 to gray hyaline, fresh nodules as large as poppy seeds, large sarcoma-like nodes 

 as well as broncho-pneumonio foci, while the thoracic lymph glands are caseated. — 

 Nodules caused by animal parasites (nematodes or their embryonic forms and 

 echinococci) are very similar to glanders nodules, but all of them, even the smallest, 

 are enclosed by a delicate capsule, in addition to which their peripheral layer is 

 frequently hyaline, while calcium salts have been deposited in their centers- the 

 capsule surrounding even the larger nodes is much more delicate than those enclos- 



