Veterinary Police. 729 



pointing to possible infection with glanders, or in such, cases where 

 the remaining horses in the stable are under suspicion of exposure. 

 While differences of opinion still exist in regard to the value of allergic 

 reactions and serum tests, nevertheless observations thus far recorded 

 show that the exact and intelligent application of these methods produce 

 very favorable results and that the supplemental use of several of these 

 methods enables us to reduce errors to a minimum. While the newer 

 methods and particularly the serum tests make the duties of the prac- 

 ticing veterinarian less burdensome, clinical examinations nevertheless 

 are still of great Importance and quite indispensable, especially for 

 the reason that these tests will occasionally give negative results in 

 very chronic and extensive (and consequently the most dangerous) 

 cases. 



Since 1910 the complement fixation method and the agglutination test jave 

 been used in Prussia exclusively as official tests. All animals with a fixation titer 

 of 0.2 or less, or -with agglutination power of over 1,000 must be destroyed; all 

 horses with a fixation titer above 0.2 or an agglutination power below 1,000 are 

 regarded as free from suspicion, provided that the examination is made at least 

 two weeks after the animal in question has been removed from exposure. From 

 1906-7 to 1907-8, 648 animals were destroyed on evidence furnished by the aggluti- 

 nation test; of these 395 (60.9%) were found affected with glanders. The success 

 of the method consisted in the fact that after completion of the blood test (which, 

 however, had to be repeated in a number of cases) not a single glanderous animal 

 was found in any of the stables investigated. — ^In Hungary all animals which give 

 typical, atypical or doubtful reactions to the subcutaneous mallein test and show 

 clinical symptoms of disease, are destroyed at once. Horses that react to the test, 

 but are otherwise in apparent health, must "be isolated from other solidungula, but 

 may with the consent of the proper authority be used under certain restrictions; 

 thus for farm work, etc., contact with other horses must be avoided. These animals 

 must be examined every two weeks by a veterinarian, and in the event that any 

 suspicious symptoms of glanders make their appearance, the animal must be 

 destroyed at once. Those animals which have jeacted to the mallein test but appear 

 otherwise in perfect health may be used by their owners without restrictions, except 

 that none of these animals that have been in immediate contact with diseased 

 horses may be sold outside of a parish before the expiration of 60 days nor without 

 a second examination by a veterinarian. Exposed animals which have reacted to 

 the test are retested after 30 days; those animals that do not react at the second 

 test and otherwise appear in perfect health are released from the restrictions, while 

 the reactors are treated as above indicated (destroyed or continued in quarantine 

 and again tested as the authority in charge may designate for each case). 



Under these regulations (1902-1908) 1,385 suspected glanderous horses and 

 1,609 horses exposed to glanders (a total of 2,994 actually glanderous horses, all of 

 which were affected with glanders in the first stage of the disease) gave positive 

 reactions to the mallein test and were" quarantined (60.1% of all glanderous horses 

 destroyed during this period). A similar method was followed in the extermina- 

 tion of glanders in the Compagnie gen6rale des Voitures of Paris without serious 

 interruption of the business of the company; while the disease was very prevalent 

 in the stables of this company in 1895 and 1896 (see page 680), only 101, 40 and 

 85 horses, respectively, had to be destroyed on account of disease in 1897, 1898 

 and 1899. In 1903 only 18 reacting horses were found in all of the stables. 



During the time intervening between the mallein tests and that 

 of procuring the blood for serum tests the body temperature of those 

 horses suspected of infection or disease should be recorded systematically 

 twice daily. An elevation of temperature continuing for several days 

 points to recent infection unless it can be ascribed to some other cause 

 (see pp. 690 and 697), or to the continuance and the probable pro- 

 gression of already existing lesions. 



Literature. Loffler & Schiitz, D. m. "W., 1882. Nr. 52; 1883. Nr. 14. — 

 LofSer, Arb. d. G.-A., 1886. I. 141. — Johne D. Z. f. Tm., 1886. XVI. 321. — 

 Cadeae & Malet, Eev. v6t., 1886. 406; 1888. 581; Bull., 1894. 555. — Schiitz, A. f. 



