776 ■ Piroplasmosis of Cattle. 



(Acid, carbol. or lysol 10.0, Spir. frumenti 100.0, Aqua 500.0; 

 one tablespoonful every hour until clearing of the urine). 



Evers warmly recommends damholid (a hemoglobin preparation). The treat- 

 ment should be introduced with the administration of 50 gm. (three times daily) 

 per OS. If no improvement results or if even an aggravation follows, the remedy 

 should be injected subcutaneously or even into the blood circulation (200 gm. 

 damholid is dissolved in one liter of %% itrol solution, and of this 500 cc. or 

 more is injected subcutaneously, or of a 10% solution 100-250 cc. is injected into 

 the jugular; after the subcutaneous injection of simple watery solutions malignant 

 edema has repeatedly been observed). Westermann and Grabe have obtained good 

 results with this treatment. 



Eecent experiments of Nuttall & Hadwen, which have since been 

 confirmed by Stockman, appear to indicate that the piroplasmas are 

 greatly influenced by trypanred. In five artificially infected cattle in 

 which the blood already contained numerous parasites and the urine 

 was red colored, a marked improvement followed immediately after an 

 intravenous or subcutaneous injection of 130-200 cc. of a 1.5% solu- 

 tion, the urine cleared rapidly, and the number of blood parasites 

 diminished to a great extent. Later the blood was entirely free of par- 

 asites for 5-18 days, they again reappeared, although in moderate num- 

 bers ; hut all of the five cows remained alive, whereas one of four controls, 

 of which only two were affected with hemoglobinuria, died. The try- 

 panblue solution should always be prepared fresh with distilled water. 

 It stains the body tissues blue. 



After the disappearance of the symptoms in the presence 

 of marked anemia, subcutaneous or intravenous injections of 

 physiological salt solution (1-2 liters daily), and the internal 

 administration of iron preparation (5-10 gm. iron sulphate 

 daily), is indicated. 



Prevention. The disease may be prevented absolutely by 

 keeping the animals from infected pastures and excluding grass 

 and foliage fodder from such localities for food purposes. On 

 the other hand such pastures may become harmless by draining 

 their swampy areas. Such means of prevention however fre- 

 quently cannot be carried out on account of the lack of funds 

 of the owners. As some animals show very little resistance 

 to infection, as a result of improper wintering, care should be 

 taken that weakened cattle are not driven to low forest pastures 

 in the spring and early summer (according to Lignieres alfalfa 

 is supposed to keep the ticks away from pastures). 



In order to prevent the introduction of the disease to pre- 

 viously uninfected territories, it is aimed in America and 

 Australia to free the suspected animals of ticks. For this 

 purpose animals in the southern part of the United States 

 are dipped in vats containing 20% petroleum or Beaumont 

 oil, while in Australia washing with various insecticide fluids 

 (lysol, petroleum) is employed for such purposes. In order 

 to destroy the ticks farmers in South Africa usually spray 

 the animals in 12 to 19 day intervals, with a mixture of oil 

 and water (10-25:100) (Louhsbury). For the same purpose 

 a fluid is also suitable consisting of 0.2%? arsenic and 0.2% 

 wood tar. 



