814 Surra. 



Tlie disease appears almost without exception to terminate in 

 death. 



In cattle the disease occurs much less frequently and is 

 manifested by less pronounced intermittent febrile symptoms, 

 becoming apparent only with the gradual development of anemia 

 and emaciation, which sometimes reach a very high degree. 

 In most cases ultimate recovery takes place. 



There occur however outbreaks in which the disease ap- 

 pears in numerous cattle with severe manifestations, such as 

 high fever, reddening of the mucous membranes, diarrhea and 

 hemorrhages, and runs an unfavorable course, although even 

 in such instances recovery may follow. 



Buffaloes rarely become affected, and then usually only in very 

 chronic form, although their blood frequently contains the parasites. 



In camels the disease usually has a fatal termination, and as in 

 solipeds it may run an acute and severe course, or it may occur in a 

 chronic form. Thus Pease & Gaiger observed two camels affected for 

 four years, during which time they noted more than 100 febrile attacks. 



Of dogs, animals used in hunting become affected most frequently. 

 The symptoms consist in a periodical febrile temperature, reddening of 

 the conjunctivae, swelling of the head, the throat region and extremities, 

 also incoordination of movement. In some cases there is a bloody serous 

 infiltration in the joints, keratitis, and falling out of hair. Among im- 

 ported hunting dogs in Indo-China the disease is severe, while native 

 animals sometimes recover (Blin). 



Treatment. Lingard recommended arsenious acid in daily 

 doses of 0.8 gm. for the treatment of horses affected with surra. 

 Holmes recently reports continuously good, permanent results 

 in ten ponies after the use of considerably larger, namely, 

 subtoxic doses, at the height of the febrile attack. For ponies of 

 150 kg. weight, 1 gm. is recommended, while for horses of 

 450-500 kg. weight, 3 gm. should be given in the form of bolus, 

 or electuary immediately after feeding, 5 to 10 doses being 

 administered with intervals of one day. It is not recommended 

 in solution either per os, subeutaneously, or intravenously. 

 Somewhat less satisfactory were the results from Loffler's 

 treatment with arsenious acid and atoxyl, inasmuch as out of 

 16 solipeds thus treated, four failed to recover (alternately 

 4% atoxyl solution subeutaneously and arsenic in bolus form 

 with one-day intervals ; the dose of the atoxyl solution is 30-50 

 cc. for ponies, 100-150 cc. for horses and mules ; of the arsenic 

 0.5-1 gm. for ponies, 1.5-3 gm. for horses and mules; 5 doses 

 in all). 



Thiroux & Teppaz found auripigment effective in experimental 

 surra ; they used it either alone, in doses of 15-25 gm. every 3-4 days, 

 or alternately with tartar emetic (1.0-1.2 gm. intravenously), continued 

 for weeks. 



Gaiger, Hallot and Holmes obtained only a temporary disappearance of try- 

 panosomes from the blood with atoxyl, and likewise little satisfaction was obtained 

 from the treatment with corrosive sublimate, soamin, atoxyl and tartar emetic 

 (Holmes), with atoxyl and corrosive sublimate (l<^raser & Simmonds), also with 

 methylene blue (Gaiger). 



