Treatment, Prevention. g25 



Prevention. In this general principles apply. (see p. 804), 

 also the precautions advised for the control of nagana (see p. 

 811). In fresh outbreaks it is advisable to select the infected 

 animals with the aid of taking their temperature, blood examina- 

 tions, and inoculation of mice and rats, and subsequently their 

 isolation or destruction. In this way it was possible in Java, 

 among other places, to eradicate the disease which had been 

 introduced there not very long before. 



Literature. Evans, Vet. J., 1881. 1.; 1882. 97. — Lingard, Eep. on Horse- 

 Surra, Bombay, 1893. — Eogers, Proe. -of the Eoy. Soc, 1901. LVIII. 163. — 

 Vrijburg, Bull., 1907. 293. — Ziemann, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1905. XXXVIII. 307. — 

 Sehein, Trop. Vet., 1908. III. 191. — Leese, ibid., 1909. IV. 107. — Holmes, ibid., 

 1910. V. 1. — TMroux & Teppaz, A. P., 1910, XXIV. 220 u. 234. — (Sep, also, 

 general Lit. on page 805.) 



(c) Dourine. 



(Exanthema coitale paralyticum, Polyneuritis infectiosa; 



Beschdlseuche [German]; Maladie dn coit -[French], • 



Marbo coitale maligno [Italian].) 



Dourine is the name of a usually chronic, contagious in- 

 fectious disease of breeding horses, which commences shortly 

 after an infective coitus and is at first characterized by a local 

 inflammatory affection of the external genital organs, with which 

 subsequently symptoms of paralysis become associated as a 

 result of an affection of the peripheral nerves and the inter- 

 vertebral ganglia. It is caused by the Trypanosoma equiper- 

 dum. 



History. The disease was first described by Ammon, based on his 

 experience (1796-1799) in the Prussian stud at Trakehnen. At the be- 

 ginning of the last century it had already been recognized that it is most 

 effectively spread during coitus, and the disease has frequently been 

 confounded with coital exanthema of the genital organs. At the same 

 time, however, it was also assumed that the affection is identical with 

 syphilis in man, with which it doubtlessly has much similarity. This 

 view was also prevalent long since in Algeria, where the Arabs, in their 

 belief that syphilis can be cured by copulation with asses, followed such 

 unnatural intercourse whereby the disease was supposed to have been 

 transmitted from the affected female asses to the stallions (Daumas; 

 hence also the old designation of the disease : Lues venerea equi, which 

 has been introduced by Veith into the literature of this subject.) Laquer- 

 riere aimed to prove this view in France, in 1883, by theoretical con- 

 siderations; its incorrectness, however, was esablished by Knauert & 

 Haxthausen (1837), and the negative results of experiments for the 

 transmission of syphilis to domestic animal also proved these concep- 

 tions conclusively as erroneous. The difference of dourine from coital 

 exanthema of the genitals was established by Hertwig in 1842, and still 

 more conclusively in 1847, and he, also Mares and later Prince & 

 Lafosse, proved further that the disease results exclusively through 

 specific infection. 



In the' second half of the last century it was observed especially by 

 French veterinarians in Algeria (Signol, Viardot), and by Eodloff in 



