866 Progressive Pernicious Anemia. 



tween the hemoglobin content of the blood and the number of 

 red blood corpuscles. 



The examination of the blood may be carried out by placing a very small 

 drop of blood on a cover glass from which the fat has been carefully removed by 

 washing with ether, and whose borders have previously been covered with a layer 

 of fat, while a drop of physiological (0.9%) salt solution is placed on one of 

 its surfaces. The blood which is placed into the salt solution is immediately diluted 

 suitably and is then placed upon a clean slide with the surface containing the 

 blood drop. The fat-covered borders of the cover glass enclose the blood air tight, 

 so that the evaporation of water and consequently the shrinking of the blood 

 corpuscles is prevented. 



If it is desired to stain the blood corpuscles, several thoroughly clean cover 

 glasses are smeared with a layer of blood by placing a small drop of blood upon 

 the middle of the border of the cover glass, and then this cover glass is drawn 

 over another at an angle of 45°, so that the drop of blood is spread in a thin 

 layer over the lower glass. The specimens are dried in the air and fixed by dry 

 heat (107° to 110°) for %-2 minutes, or in alcohol and ether (aa) for two hours, 

 or in methyl-alcohol for 2-3 minutes. They may be stained with a mixture of eosin 

 and hematoxylin, or more suitably with Ehrlich's triacid mixture, especially when 

 finer details of the white blood corpuscles are desired. This is prepared as follows: 

 Concentrated aqueous solutions of Orange G., acid fuchsin and methyl green are 

 prepared in separate containers, and cleared by allowing them to stand for some 

 time^ then 13-14 cc. of the orange solution, 6-7 cc. of the acid fuchsin solution, 

 15 cc. of distilled water, 15 cc. absolute alcohol, and 12.5 cc. of the methyl green 

 solution are mixed in the order given; after the addition of the methyl green 

 solution the mixture is thoroughly shaken, and 10 cc. of alcohol and 10 cc. of 

 glycerin are added during further shaking. (The mixture may be obtained ready 

 for use.) The cover glasses are laid with the smeared surfaces upon the mixture, 

 which should not be filtered. After about five minutes they are washed in run- 

 ning water and dried. In staining with the triacid mixture the cell nuclei appear 

 pale green, the red blood corpuscles either orange, yellow or red, the acidophilic 

 granules of the leucocytes copper red, the neutrophilic granules of the leucocytes 

 bluish red, while the basophilic granules remain unstained. Instructive pictures 

 are further obtained by Eomanovsky 's method, with its modifications by Giemsa 

 or May & Griinwald (the necessary stains for these methods may be obtained ready 

 mixed). 



In the further course of the disease edematous swellings 

 develop on the lower abdomen and on the extremities. Not in- 

 frequently hemorrhages from the nasal and buccal mucous mem- 

 brane may be observed, hematuria or intestinal bleedings may 

 also occur. The urine sometimes contains albumen and, as in 

 man, probably also urobilin and more iron. 



The temperature shows in some cases variable elevation. 



The sensorium appears disturbed from the onset of the 

 disease. The nutrition always suffers, in some cases however 

 the emaciation is not especially pronounced in proportion to 

 the severity of the affection. 



Course. The disease either develops acutely so that the 

 animals die in 6 to 8 weeks after the appearance of the first 

 symptoms, or it runs a chronic course and extends over several 

 months. In a more protracted course remissions and exacerba- 

 tions are observed. The animals die either from exhaustion or 

 a sudden hemorrhage terminates the disease within a short time. 



Diagnosis. The recognition of the disease is always as- 

 sociated with considerable difficulty. Of importance in this 



