886 Hemoglobinemia. 



attacks produce death in a few days or later. The animals 

 which remain alive not infrequently show for a time the symp- 

 toms of simple anemia. 



Diagnosis. A positive recognition of the disease is only 

 possible by the demonstration of hemoglobinuria, or by the 

 presence of dissolved blood coloring inatter in the blood serum 

 drawn with great care ; a severe icterus appearing without any 

 apparent organic affection should be considered as a suspicious 

 indication of the disease. An attempt should always be made 

 to determine the cause of the disease. 



The paralytic hemoglobinemia is differentiated from the 

 other forms of hemoglobinemia by the entirely different mode 

 of onset, by the presence of the paralytic symptoms, and by 

 the changes in the tendinous reflexes. 



Treatment. Besides removal of the cause if it can be de- 

 termined, and relieving the threatening symptoms, the treat- 

 ment mentioned in anemia appears indicated (see p. 850). 



Literature. Albrecht, Monli., 1892. III. 241. — Dieterichs, D. m. W., 1903. 

 293. — Marek, Z. f. Tm., 1904. VIII. 285. — Moro & Noda, Miinch. m. W., 1909. 

 545. — Siedamgrotzky, S. B., 1892. 16. — Szildgyi, A. L., 1907. 633. — Szoyka, 

 ibid., 1903. 1. — Utz, B. Mt., 1885. 4. 



7. Paralytic Hemoglobinemia. Haemoglobinaemia paralytica. 



{Azoturia, Haemoglohinemia rheumatica [Frohner]; Haemo- 

 globinuria toxaemica {Bollinger']; Lumbago [Dieckerhoff].) 



Paralytic hemoglobinemia is a specific acute affection of 

 horses, characterized by severe disturbances in locomotion 

 (mostly lumbar paralysis) as a result of a parenchymatous 

 degeneration of certain muscles, and by the presence of hemo- 

 globin in the urine. 



History. Considering the nature of the etiological factors paralytic 

 hemoglobinemia of horses must have been known since earliest times, 

 although it might not have appeared as frequently as at present. Even 

 in the '20 's of the last century, Coulboux, Chariot, Prevot and Bouley 

 jr. described a disease as spinal apoplexy or congestion of the spinal 

 cord, which etiologically and clinically corresponds with paralytic 

 hemoglobinemia, and which did not appear to be very infrequent at 

 that time. Since the middle of the last century the reports of the 

 disease continue to increase, especially in Germany. In former times 

 ' ' azoturia, " " lumbago, " " blackwater, " " rheumatic lumbar paralysis, ' ' 

 "spinal meningitis," " Haemoglobinuria paroxysmalis, " etc., were con- 

 sidered as different diseases. In 1852 however Hofer introduced them 

 in literature as identical. Since then until the most recent times, a 

 great number of publications have been prepared on the subject, which 

 however have not yet completely cleared the etiology and the nature 



