Animal Parasites in the Blood. 907 



the hemorrhagic areas of the rectal mucous membrane eggs of bilharzia 

 were found massed together. 



• The symptoms are indicative in general of a subcutaneous or chronic 

 catarrh of the mucous membrane of the intestines and bladder, in which 

 periodically hemorrhages may be observed, according to Bertolini in 

 the first half of the summer. The disturbances of health are always 

 slighter in horses than in ruminants. 



A diagnosis would be possible during life by demonstrating the 

 characteristic eggs in the urine, feces, or by the water-like new forma- 

 tions in the rectum which might be present. 



Treatment is not promising of results. 



Literature. Bertolini, Klin. Vet., 1908. 1 (Lit.). — Marotel, Bull., 1908. 119. 

 — Montgomery, J. of trop. vet. science, 1906. 138 (Lit.). — Eaia & Peiu, J. v6t., 

 1907. 478. • V ^ J J , . 



Haematozoon Lewis. Gruby & Delafond found worms, among 

 others in the blood of dogs, which resembled the embryos of the Fil. im- 

 mitis with relative frequency even in countries where the Fil. immitis 

 rarely occurs (the mentioned two authors in Paris in every twentieth to 

 twenty-fifth, Sonsino in Pisa, Lewis in Calcutta in every third dog). They 

 differ from the Fil. immitis in that they attach their head ends to the 

 cover glass, at the same time executing lively motions with the other parts 

 of the body. They are remarkably resistant, so that they remain alive 

 for 10 days outside of the animal body at a temperature of 15° C. They 

 fire found in the arterial as well as in the venous blood, and sometimes 

 in such quantities that a drop of blood may contain 3-5 and even 12-15 

 specimens; 



Views differ in regard to the development of the parasite. Ac- 

 cording to Grassi they develop from larvae, which occur quite frequently 

 in fleas (Pulex serratieeps) and lice (Haematopinus piliferus) of dogs. 



Dogs whose blood harbors the embryos may appear entirely healthy ; 

 Gruby & Delafond observed however epileptic fits in three dogs. The 

 same authors have further observed that after transfusion of defibrinated 

 blood, containing the embryos, into healthy dogs the embryos disappear 

 from the blood of the injected animals in 8-40 days ; in two cases however 

 they remained alive for longer than three years, until the death of the 

 dogs. A full grown worm corresponding with the embryo is still un- 

 known. (Carougeau & Marotel, Rev. gen., 1903. I. 447 [Lit.].) 



Strongylus Vasorum. This is a fine, thread-shaped worm (the male 

 is 14-15, the female 18-21 mm. long), which occurs in the right ventricle 

 of the heart, and in the pulmonary artery and in its branches. In the 

 intima of the vessel wall it causes the formation of small nodules or 

 elongated cords, and in the small vessels thrombi. The eggs laid by the 

 female remain lodged in the finer blood vessels, and lead, like the 

 hatched embryos, to the formation of small, up to pinhead sized, some- 

 times quite numerous nodules. According to Laulanie the embryos 

 migrate later into the bronchi, they are expelled by coughing, and are 

 then occasionally taken up by other dogs. 



The symptoms of the disease are not very characteristic. Symptoms 

 of anemia, gradually progressing emaciation, frequent and irregular heart 

 action, possibly hypertrophy of the right half of the heart, further a 

 painful weak and dry cough are observed in severe eases, but the disease 



