930 Rachitis. 



Of drugs, sodium bicarbonate deserves mention and should 

 be given regularly; in severe acidosis or diabetic coma large 

 amounts are to be administered by mouth, or hypodermically 

 dissolved in physiological salt solution. Carlsbad water or salt, 

 also carbonate of ammonia are occasionally of use. Opium 

 preparations in large doses (to dogs up to 0.5-1.0 gm. per day) 

 have been recommended as they, are capable of diminishing 

 for a time the glycosuria. No results worth mentioning have 

 been observed to follow the arsenic treatment. 



Literature. Bohl, A. f. Vet.-Wiss., 1906. 569 (Lit.). — Cadiot, Etudes de 

 pathol., 1899. 327 (Lit.). — Dammann, Hann., Jhb., 1876-77. 100. — Darbas, Eev. 

 v6t., 1890. 357. — Darras, Bull., 1906. 687. -^ Eber, Monh., 1898. IX. 97. — Eieh- 

 horn, S. B., 1891. 184. — Ealta, Z. f. kl. M., 1908. LXVI. 401. — Fettiek, Vet., 1899. 

 277 (Lit.). — Prohner, Monh., 1892. III. 149. — Girotti, N. Ere, 1896. 69. — Herx- 

 heimer, V. A., 1906. CLXXXIII. 228. — Kruger, Z. f. Vk., 1907. 488. — Lignaux, 

 Ann., 1898. 190. — v. Mering & Minkowski, A. f. exp. Path. u. Phmk., 1890. XXV. 

 371. — Minkowski, Ergebn. d. Path., 1894. I. 1. Abt., 69 (Lit. on pancreatic dia- 

 betes). — Mliller, Dresd. B., 1906. 162. — Naunyn, Der Diabetes mell., 1906. — 

 Penberthy, J. of Comp. Path., 1894. 184. — Pfluger, Pflugers A., CIII. 1; CXVIII. 

 265. — Porcher, Bull., 1903. 409; Eev. gen., 1905. VI. 49. — Preller, tjber Diab. 

 meilitus beim- Pferde, Diss. Bern, 1908 ' (Lit.). — Prietsch, S. B., 1902. 63. — 

 Sauerbeck, Ergebn. d. Path., 1902. VIII. 2. Abt., 538-697 (complete literature on 

 diab. mell. in general). — Schindelka, Monh., 1893. IV. 132. — Schmitt, W. f. Tk., 

 1863. 65. — Sendrail & Cuille, Eev. v6t., 1906. 229. — Walley, J. of Comp. Path. 

 1893. 70. 



4. Diseases of Metabolism which Particularly Affect the Osseous 



System. 



(a) Rachitis. Rickets. Rhachitis. 



(Gliederkrankheit ; Englische Krankheit; Zwergwachs [Ger- 

 man]; Rhachitism [French].) 



Eaehitis is a disease of young animals which is due to a 

 disturbance in metabolism and is characterized by the per- 

 sistence of new-formed bony tissue in the osteoid condition, 

 by proliferation of the cartilaginous tissue, and by an irregular 

 advance of the lines of ossification, the result being manifold 

 deformities of the skeleton. 



Occurrence. Whether the disease occurs in all parts of 

 the globe or, as is the case in man, is almost exclusively limited 

 to the temperate latitudes, cannot be ascertained by any in- 

 formation in veterinary literature. The affection is frequent 

 in all countries of the temperate zone. 



Almost without exception the young animals become af- 

 fected only during the first year of life and most frequently 

 when only a few months old or after being weaned. The animals 

 which acquire the disease most often are young pigs and dogS, 

 lambs and kids, much more rarely calves and rabbits ; the dis- 

 ease is observed quite often in wild carnivora which are raised 

 in captivity, also in monkeys; of fowls, chickens are affected 



