994 



Acute Nephritis. 



finally tlie animals lie down constantly, a condition of stupor 

 or coma develops in wliicli at times muscular trembling or 

 eclamptoid muscular convulsions are observed, the body is 

 batlied in perspiration and death finally occurs in deep coma 

 or with convulsions. 



Diagnosis. Nephritis can be recognized positively only on 

 the basis of urinary analysis, because often only the urine 

 shows a deviation from the normal, while pain is observed also 

 in purulent nephritis or in pyelitis. Of importance in this re- 



Fig. 174. 



Fig. 17.3. 



Fig. 173. Renal casts. ] iiyaline cast, granular; 3 Epithelial cast; .'? blood 



corpuscle cast. 

 Fig. 174. Renal easts. To the left two granular casts, to the right a cylindroid. 



spect are the quantity of albumen and in the sediment the 

 presence of renal epithelia, casts, red and white blood corpuscles. 

 The demonstration of the form elements and of the quantity 

 of albumen is of particular importance, and it is not sufficient 

 simply to ascertain the existence of albuminuria, because this 

 may exist also in chronic nephritis, in severe passive hyperemia 

 of the kidneys and in general nutritive disturbances, and be- 

 cause it affords no information as to the acute or chronic nature 

 of the nephritis. — Albumen may also be found in the urine 

 in affections of the urinary passages, even in affections of the 

 immediately contiguous genital organs (prostate, vagina), but 



