1000 White Spotted Kidney. 



treatment (see page 850). The effectiveness or failure of the 

 treatment can be ascertained from the quantity of albumen in 

 the urine. 



Literature. Dell'Acqua, Clin, vet., 1906. 625. — Boudoire, Eev. gen., 1906. 

 VII. 657. — Kitt, Monh., 1893. IV. 433 (Lit.). — Marcone, Eev. gen., 1906. VII. 

 345 (Lit.). — Thomassen, Ann., 1897. 9, 77. — Zimmermann, Z. f. Tm., 1898. 

 II. 372. 



White Spotted Kidney. (Nephritis maculosa alba. Nephritis 

 fibroplastica.) This form of nephritis occupies a position between the 

 acute and the chronic inflammation and develops usually in foci. 



It is frequently found in calves but occurs also in adult cattle. Blieck observed 

 the disease enzootically almost exclusively in fattened calves. In the abattoir in 

 Budapest nephritis maculosa alba was found during the years 1900-1902 in 2,323 out 

 of 291,573 slaughtered cattle (0.8%), but in only 20 out of 343,012 calves (0.006%). 



Etiology. Nephritis maculosa alba probably results from a 

 cryptogenetic inflammation (Kitt, Kabitz), which appears to be acquired 

 most frequently through the umbilicus. The disease is therefore 

 probably embolic in origin. According to Rieck, however, the trouble 

 is produced by the secretion of toxins which originate either through 

 the influence of unknown microorganisms or without them. Fattening 

 of calves with whole milk and confinement in dark, close and badly 

 ventilated quarters favor the development of renal inflammation. 



According to Vaerst and Guillebeau the white spots represent foci of blastemas 

 which persisted from embryonal life and disappear eventually without leaving any 

 traces. This view is contradicted by the undoubtedly inflammatory changes found 

 by other authors and also by the findings in the Budapest abattoir. 



Anatomical Changes. Numerous slightly prominent rounded spots 

 are seen on the kidney, which are from hemp seed to a one-cent piece 

 in size, smooth, grayish-white or yellowish. In exceptional cases they 

 are confluent so that normal renal tissue may be discovered in only 

 a few spots (Nephritis alba). The consistency of the organ is some- 

 times normal or somewhat soft, but usuaUy rather firm. The cut surface 

 also appears mottled, light gray streaks corresponding to the spots just 

 mentioned, and standing out clearly from the healthy tissue which has 

 a brown-red or more livid red color. Sometimes the white spots are 

 softened in the center or show purulent disintegration (Kitt). 



These changes may retrogress completely, but at other times assume 

 a markedly chronic character. 



On microscopical examination intense cellular infiltration is found, sometimes 

 also fibrinous exudation between the tubules, and numerous fibroblasts or a consider- 

 able increase in connective tissue. The pathological alterations are sometimes 

 arranged thus that the cellular infiltration is evident only at the borders of the 

 islands, while the center of the islands consists of fibrous tissue in which only here 

 and there portions of the tubuli are visible. The tu"buli uriniferi and their epithelia 

 perish apparently only secondarily by simple atrophy. 



Blieck differentiates four forms of spotted kidney. In the first form the 

 trouble is limited to locali?ed white foci which vary in size, and either these foci 

 are prominent above the surface of the kidney or the latter already contains cicatri- 

 cial contractions. The second form is distinguished by a diffuse inflammation of the 

 renal parenchyma and by the presence of white spots, the kidneys being always 

 enlarged. In the third form hemorrhages occur in and around the white foci, and 

 in the fourth form hemorrhages alone are present. 



