Symptoms. 1001 



Symptoms. The white spdtted kidney usually causes no morbid 

 symptoms. The investigations of Blieck showed that a moderate 

 albuminuria (1/4-1%) occurs only in those cases in which, in addition 

 to the white spots, a diffuse disease of the parenchyma or multiple 

 hemorrhages have developed. In other cases only nucleo-albumen can 

 be demonstrated in the urine. The sediment consists of white blood 

 cells which are sometimes arranged in groups, also of renal epithelia 

 and hyaline or granular casts, which are much more numerous in 

 urine that contains albumen. In severe cases the appetite is diminished, 

 the animals are languid and may, rarely, suffer from diarrhea. 



Treatment appears indicated only when the disease is well marked 

 and must follow the same principles as that of chronic non-indurative 

 nephritis. 



Literature. Basset, Eev. g6n., 1903. II. 582. — Blieck, A. f . Tk., 1906. XXXII. 

 225 (Lit.). — Brusaferro, Mod. Zooiatro, 1903. 436. — Fally, Ann., 1907. 463 

 (Lit.). — Guillebeau, A. f. Tk., 1906. XXXII. 574. — Kabitz, Monh., 1901. XII. 

 4. — Kitt, Monh., 1893, IV. 433; Pathol. Anat., 1906. II. 493. — Panisset, Bull., 

 1905. 472. — Vaerst, A. f. Tk., 1901. XXVIL 110. 



8. Chronic Indurative Nephritis. Nephritis Chronica 



Indurativa. 



(Granulated or atrophied kidney; Nephritis inter stitialis chron- 

 ica, Atrophia granulosa renum.) . 



Chronic indurative nephritis is a kidney disease which is 

 associated with atrophy of the connective tissue and takes a 

 very protracted course. It either develops from acute or chronic 

 non-indurative nephritis (secondary atrophic kidney) or occurs 

 independently and slowly (primary atrophic kidney), or then it 

 follows upon certain affections of the urinary passages (uro- 

 genic atrophic kidney). It always causes a destruction of the 

 parenchyma. 



Occurrence. Chronic indurative nephritis occurs in cattle 

 and buffaloes fairly frequently. Dogs and hogs also are affected 

 quite often, horses rarely, and the other domestic mammalians 

 only exceptionally. Older dogs suffer from chronic nephritis 

 comparatively frequently; but as personal . observations of the 

 authors show, the disease may also become manifest in dogs 

 that are only a few weeks old. Horn found chronic nephritis in 

 0.32% of 7,000 slaughtered sheep; Semmer observed a case in 

 a cat. In birds the disease may possibly develop upon a gouty 

 basis. 



Etiology. The disease develops out of the chronic non- 

 indurative nephritis in only an extremely small proportion of 

 cases. This is indicated not only by the fact that the chronic 

 non-indurative inflammation is observed far less often than the 

 disease under discussion, but also by the other fact that this 



