1018 



Bacterial Pyelonephritis. 



alkaline and contains as much as 2% of albumen, and also free 

 ammonia. Under the microscope there appear pus cells, red 

 blood corpuscles, epithelial cells, crystals of triple phosphates 

 and often renal elements. By Gram's stain and even in un- 

 stained specimens of fresh urine clumped bacilli or other 

 bacteria are seen (Fig. 176). 



Toward the termination of the disease the animals are 

 extremely emaciated and unable to stand. They die of ex- 

 haustion or of acute uremia unless they are killed. In the 

 rare acute form symptoms of fever (up to 39.0° to 40° C.) 

 and rapid pulse are observed. The local manifestations of 



Fig. 176. Urinary sediment of u, cow loith iacterial pyelonephritis, a Clumps of 



Corynebacillus renalis. 6 Squamous epithelium from the urinary passages, c renal 



epithelium; d pus cells; e reel blood corpuscles. (Magnif. about 1000.) 



the chronic form are intensified and the urinary findings are 

 similar. This form is probably due to a septicemic infection 

 from the urinary organs or to a severe acute nephritis, it may 

 lead to death within two weeks, but in exceptional cases the 

 symptoms diminish in severity and the disease passes into 

 the chronic form. 



Eecovery of a well defined pyelonephritis has never yet 

 been observed, although the possibility of a clinical cure is 

 not excluded if the disease is unilateral. 



Diagnosis. As has been pointed out first by Schmidt, the 

 disease may be recognized positively by the microscopic demon- 



