Symptoms. 



1045 



jugular veins. The jugular veins, which are dilated like thick 

 cords and stand out strongly, sometimes show undulations which 

 are synchronous with the auricular systole and slightly pre- 

 cede the heart beat (presystolic venous pulse). (In cattle, and 

 often also in horses, even under normal conditions, undulation 

 and perhaps a 

 slight presystolic 

 pulsation of the 

 jugular veins may 

 be noted.) At the 

 same time an edem- 

 atous swelling 

 develops on the 

 upper and lower 

 chest and also in 

 the anterior por- 

 tion of the lower 

 abdomen, further 

 in the region be- 

 hind the elbow, on 

 the dewlap and in 

 the trachea, where 

 it may appear 

 iirst, if the head is 

 held low, and may 

 be associated with 

 edema of the 

 larjmx. 



Disturbances in 

 respiration exist in 

 all cases, the 

 breathing being 

 more or less has- 

 tened and superfi- 

 cial, and labored 

 on the slightest 

 motion. From time 

 to time a feeble 

 and very painful 

 c u g h is heard. 

 With the increase 

 of the edema fluid 

 accumulates also 

 in the body cav- 

 ities and inter- 

 feres still more with respiration, which is now labored even 

 when the animals are resting, the more so as the symptoms of 

 stasis constantly increase and may even give rise to pneumonia. 

 The temperature is either raised from the beginning or 



rig. 181. Incrcaned cardiac dullness in Pericarditis 

 u-ith fluid exudate. The dotted curved line sliows the 

 margin of tlie normal, the solid curved line the 

 margin of the increased dullness. The straight dotted 

 line indicates the middle line of the sternum, the 

 figures give the ribs. 



