Course and Prognosis, Treatment. 1115 



paired, and the impediment to tlie circulation is even increased 

 by the deposit of new masses of fibrin. In such cases tlie 

 affected part of the body, usually an extremity, atrophies owing 

 to insufficient nutrition, and the animal finally becomes unfit 

 even for very light and slow work. In rare cases the obstruc- 

 tion may become so extreme that some organs receive no blood 

 at all and die in consequence. Martin and Bouley saw, each 

 in one case, gangrene^of the muscles of the anterior extremity 

 after obstruction of the axillary artery, Cadeac & Malet observed 

 the same in a posterior extremity in thrombosis of the femoral 

 artery. 



If a vessel has become obstructed by an embolus derived 

 from the first segnaent of the anterior or posterior aorta, the 

 fact must be considered in giving a prognosis that similar 

 emboli might be carried into vital organs (brain, kidneys, etc.). 



Treatment. In order to promote the collateral "circulation, 

 systematic exercise of the animals is indicated, the patients 

 being led about daily at a walk until the first symptoms of 

 paralysis appear (Bayer). It is sometimes possible to realize 

 even complete improvement by continued and gradually increas- 

 ing work (Bayer, Johne). It may also be attempted to massage 

 a thrombus which is palpable in the pelvic cavity, with the hand 

 in the rectum, for 5-10 minutes daily, which proceeding may also 

 perhaps hasten the absorption of the fibrin coagulations (Collin, 

 Beyer). Internal treatment which has repeatedly been pro- 

 posed, especially the administration of iodide of potassium, 

 promises no results. 



Literature. Albrecht, W. f. Tk., 1901. 325. — Cadeae & Malet, Eev. vet., 

 1885. 530 (Lit.). — Frohner, Monh., 1903. XIV. 445; 1905. 553; 1907. XVIII. 136. 

 — Gratia, Ann., 1906. 489. — Merkt, W. f. Tk., 1904. 261. — ScMmmel & Eesser, 

 Ann., 1905. 543. — Siedamgrotzky, S. B., 1896. 18. 



Thrombosis of the Pulmonary Artery. The obstruction of the pul- 

 monary artery is not very rare and is brought about by emboli from the 

 right heart. The parts of thrombi may have originated in the right heart 

 itself, or not infrequently they are carried there with the venous blood 

 from distant parts of the body. In exceptional cases thrombosis forms 

 in the pulmonary artery after the invasion of foreign bodies (hair which 

 had been introduced on venesection from the jugular vein [Zsehokke] 

 or broken hypodermic needles [Prevot] ) or in the presence of parasites 

 (Filaria immitis, Strongylus vasorum [Perez]). In many cases the 

 cause could not be determined, probably because distant organs had not 

 been examined carefully. Kappel succeeded in 63% of the cases diag- 

 nosed by him to find the source of the embolism by careful and syste- 

 matic examination of the organs of horses which had been slaughtered 

 (he found thrombosis of the pulmonary artery in 9% of all slaughtered 

 horses, which were mostly old animals) ; the embolisms originated in 

 most cases in thrombotic veins in the posterior extremities and in the 



sheath. , ,-,,.. 



Obstructions of smaller pulmonary vessels do not give rise to 

 pathological disturbances, but when larger branches were obstructed 



