OF STANDARD FOWLS 
all this are the two exceptions, Dark Cornish and 
Red Caps. Both breeds show males having solid 
black breasts and bodies, and females of Red Caps 
not penciled or stippled but with an abortive or 
crescent shaped spangle. Females of the Dark 
Cornish have both lacings and pencilings. A lac- 
ing goes around edge of feather; penciling is on 
the feather away from edge. A Dark Cornish 
female has a lacing and also a penciling, the only 
known breed so marked. The males of the Dark 
Cornish have black breasts and bodies because of 
the strong influence of two of the breeds compris- 
ing its makeup, namely, Black Sumatra and Black 
Breasted Red Game. This influence partly controls 
the tendency to single lacing in the females. 
Single laced females in this breed will produce 
_ males with splashed breasts and bodies, again 
showing how positive are the laws of nature as 
regards markings according to kind. While 
authorities are silent as to the origin of the Red 
Caps, the feather characteristics show breeding 
of similar character to the Dark Cornish. They 
indicate strong infusions of black blood and black 
breasted red blood, undoubtedly with Golden 
Hamburg blood, which would account for the 
black breast on male and the abortive spangle on 
female. But barring these two exceptions, the 
rule is that black breasted males do not belong to 
any species of fowls or birds carrying lacings or 
spangles and only belong to those species carrying 
pencilings or stipplings. All penciled breeds are 
alike in distinctive markings. All stippled breeds 
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