LAWS GOVERNING THE BREEDING 
etc., and avoiding pitfalls and the like can be ap- 
plied to spangled breeds, always considering the 
direct difference between a lacing and a spangle. 
A lacing goes around the edge of feather; a true 
spangle covers the tip of feather and comes to 
quill in shape like the tail of an arrow, or V 
shaped. In spangled breeds, imperfect spangles 
go with peppered flights and tails and ragged and 
uneven marked shoulders. A common defect is 
the spangle having the appearance of an abortive 
lacing. Sometimes overdone spangles give the 
bird the appearance of black in breast and back; 
such a bird will carry generally smutty flights and 
main tails. Abortive lacings or poor spangles 
show bad judgment in selection and are a sign of 
the careless breeder. Overdone spangles show an 
infusion of black blood; neither are necessary 
when there is absolute obedience to the laws of 
line-breeding. 
In spangled and laced breeds the chicks are 
hatched with dark and light colors, irregularly 
and indistinctly blended from one to the other. 
In making up the breeding yards of any and all 
breeds it is well to take careful note of what the 
standard says relative to the most typical speci- 
mens, and those nearest to standard weights, where 
weights are applied, being most useful. Surely 
from a fancier’s standpoint and also a breeder’s 
standpoint, they are not abnormal in any way and 
should embody stamina and gond health to the 
highest degree. 
Page Forty-six 
