LAWS GOVERNING THE BREEDING 
I have always practiced out-breeding while in- 
breeding. Or putting it more clear, after line is 
established by in-breeding, as per chart, I choose 
all breeders from the farthest removed in relation- 
ship, thereby practicing to a great extent virtual 
out-breeding, or in the modern term, line breeding 
which means preserving stamina and vigor while 
keeping same blood line pure. 
As regards double mating, it is a valuable com- 
mercial short cut, but an uncertainty and a delu- 
sion to the uninitiated. Line bred birds produce 
show birds from one mating, of which’ there is 
proof galore. One sub-law worthy of reiteration 
is that one respecting the light shafting in 
hackles of all males whether black, red, buff, pen- 
ciled or laced. It will unfailingly produce young 
with this objectionable feature prominent and 
predominant throughout the entire plumage, mar- 
ring the harmony of color so desirable. Color 
harmony is entirety of marking and color blending 
into an aura free from disfiguring blemishes as so 
accounted in the standards prescribed for each 
breed. For instance, laced feathers free from 
mossiness, penciled feathers not barred or broken 
in pencilings, red not overcast with grey, lacings 
or shaftings, stipplings even and unbroken, de- 
void of brickiness or shafting, black with absence 
of purple, white clear of brassiness. As to yellow 
corn and white birds, my views are expressed in a 
foregoing chapter, yet the word I would leave with 
the breeders who feed white corn to white birds 
is this: travel on the bridge that carries you safe 
Page Fifty-two 
