OF STANDARD FOWLS 
for color identity, when poured into the veins of 
the young each consecutive year can do nothing 
less than produce original colors of dam and sire. 
This is on the same principle that if equal parts of 
brown and white paint are mixed, the mixture 
then contains one half of each; continued use of 
brown paint will drive out the white color until 
the mixture shows no other color but brown. This 
I have proven to be an exact comparison with my 
breeding operations. Such methods are not ac- 
cording to Mendelism, Galtonism nor any other 
“ism’’ except common-senseism, but it brings re- 
sults worth while. 
Yet there are minor laws which affect both 
the wild and the domestic alike, especially among 
birds. These minor laws are such as appertain to 
certain colors and markings for male and female 
according to species and variety, such as the law of 
single lacing, of double lacing, of penciling, stipp- 
ling and of spangling, as well as of certain charac- 
teristics of black, white, buff or red birds. I shall 
treat these minor laws under separate heads in de- 
tail, as it is here among these minor laws that the 
beginner loses his way. 
First he must master the major laws of stamina 
and line-breeding; then he must take cognizance 
of these minor laws which I shall designate as 
“‘euide posts’? to keep the beginner on the right 
road. The laws of single lacing and spangling 
are in no relation to the laws of double lacing, 
penciling or stippling; the laws of double lacing, 
penciling and stippling are related; the laws of 
Page Seventeen 
