4 MOSTLY MAMMALS 
of the Atlantic it probably disappeared somewhere about 
the year 1840; while the summer of 1844 witnessed the 
destruction of the last European pair of this remarkable 
bird, the last British representative of the species having 
been hunted to death in the neighbourhood of Waterford 
Harbour ten years previously. 
One of the most sad storiesof extermination, and that, 
too, at a comparatively recent date, is revealed in the case 
of the South African quagga. Since a full account of the 
species is given in a later article, it will suffice to state here 
that in Cape Colony the extermination apparently took 
place about the year 1865, although the species may have 
survived a few years longer in the Orange River Colony, 
which was the last stronghold of the species. 
Mention has already been made of the: extermination of 
the giant land-tortoise of Réunion during the eighteenth 
century; and in the early part of its successor four other 
species became extinct in the neighbouring islands of the 
Mascarene group—namely, Testudo indica, T. triserrata, and 
T. inepta in Mauritius, and 7. vosmaert in Rodriguez. It 
has likewise been considered probable that the thin-shelled 
tortoise (7. abingdoni) of Abingdon Island, in the Galapagos 
group, is also no longer existing, although it was certainly 
alive as recently as 1875. 
Of birds that have disappeared during the century, in 
addition to the great auk, reference may first be made to 
the black emeu (Dromaeus ater) of Kangaroo Island, South 
Australia. When this island was explored in 1803 by a 
French expedition, these birds were abundant, and three 
were sent home to Paris, where a pair lived till 1822. On 
their death, the skin of one and the skeleton of the other 
were mounted for exhibition in the Paris Museum, where 
they still remain. Of the third specimen no record was 
