SPOTS AND STRIPES IN MAMMALS 31 
complete ring of smaller ones, we have the rosette-like type 
of ornamentation, as exemplified in the leopard, the snow- 
leopard, and the jaguar. In the two former the ring 
encloses a uniform light area; but in the latter the central 
area generally carries two or more dark spots. A further 
development of the ring leads to the so-called clouded type, 
as displayed by the Oriental clouded leopard and marbled 
cat, and the American ocelot. Here the ring becomes en- 
larged into a large squarish or oblong area, enclosing an 
area of darker hue than the general ground-colour of the 
fur, and bordered by a narrow black line; the black line 
in the two former species being, however, confined to the 
hinder half of the cloudings. 
3. Mammals with dark transverse stripes.—Tiger, young 
lions, wild cat, striped hyaena, aard-wolf (Protedes), banded 
civets (Hemigale), banded mongoose (Crossarchus), zebra- 
antelope, gnus, zebras, thylacine, and the water-opossum — 
(Chironectes). Among these it may be noted that in the | 
zebras the stripes on the hindquarters have a more or 
less marked longitudinal direction; and whereas in the 
mountain zebra and Grévy’s zebra they consist of simple 
dark bands on a light ground, in some forms of Burchell’s 
zebra the light areas between the dark stripes are traversed 
by an intermediate stripe of somewhat darker hue than the 
ground-colour. 
4. Mammals with white spots arranged in longitudinal 
lines. —Fallow-deer and Indian spotted deer, young tapirs; 
the paca (Coelogenys) among the rodents; and the dasyures 
among the marsupials. Both in young tapirs and the paca 
the spots. tend to coalesce into more or less complete 
longitudinal stripes. 
5. Mammals with white transverse bands.—The kudu, 
eland, bongo (Béocercus euryceros), and harnessed antelope 
