172 MOSTLY MAMMALS 
the inferior representatives of the human race—three of 
them have developed peculiarities in this respect which 
entitle them to be regarded as among the most extraordinary 
of all four-footed beasts. And not the least remarkable 
circumstance in connection with these nasal eccentricities 
is that the two extremes are found in members of a 
single group inhabiting widely distant and completely 
isolated areas. 
Before referring to the species displaying these remark- 
able peculiarities, it will be well to briefly refer to their 
nearest relatives. These are most familiarly known by 
the sacred Hanuman monkey, or langur, of India, which 
is one of a large group of species inhabiting most of the 
Oriental countries; one kind, the Himalayan langur, being 
found at a considerable elevation in the outer hills of the 
mighty range from which it takes its name. And in winter, 
or early spring, these large grey monkeys may frequently 
be seen disporting themselves among pines heavily laden 
with snow. As distinctive features of the langurs, reference 
may be made to their slim build, long hind-legs and tail, 
and the absence of pouches in the cheeks for the storage 
of food. Their hair is long and coarse, and may be of 
any colour from slaty grey to bright foxy red or black. 
All have, for monkeys, fairly well-formed noses, of ordinary 
dimensions. Unlike the majority of the members of their 
order, they feed on leaves in preference to fruits; and, as 
showing how similarity of habit gives rise to similarity of 
structure (or, if the reader so please, vice versa), it is inter- 
esting to note that the langurs have complex stomachs, 
strikingly similar to those of sheep and ruminants in 
general; most other monkeys having simple stomachs of 
the normal type. 
As already mentioned, the three species of monkeys 
