FOUR-HORNED SHEEP 281 
Horn-development among domesticated cattle, however, 
seems to be restricted to increase in size, with some com- 
paratively slight degree of modification in regard to general 
form and curvature ; and it does not appear that any breed 
is known in which the horns are permanently characterised 
by an abnormality in structure. 
Very different is the case in sheep, in which the horns 
seem to lend themselves with great facility to abnormal 
development in several directions. The typical form of 
horn is familiar to us in the wild sheep of Europe and 
Asia as well as in the old classical sculptures of Jupiter 
Ammon ; and this type, although much reduced in size, 
is fairly well retained in the modern Dorset and merino 
breeds. In old rams of both breeds there is, however, a 
tendency to produce a spiral of greater length than 
ever occurs in wild sheep ; and this tendency is perhaps 
even more noticeable in the mountain breeds of Scotland 
and Wales. In all the above breeds the original close 
and incurved horizontal spiral is, however, preserved. 
But in the so-called Wallachian breed of Eastern Europe 
the horns take the form of upwardly directed corkscrews, 
mimicking in fact to a certain degree those of the beau- 
tiful African kudu antelope. A single skull in the old 
Hunterian collection of the Royal College of Surgeons 
indicates the existence of a closely allied if not identical 
breed of sheep in Sumatra. 
A far more curious modification produced by domesti- 
cation is, however, displayed by the augmentation in the 
number of the horns; two, three, four, or even six extra 
horns being sometimes noticeable. When a pair of such 
additional horns are developed they usually occupy the 
upper and fore part of the head, and are of a more slender 
shape and take a more upright direction than the normal 
