428 trNIVEBSITY OF VIRGINIA PUBLICATIONS 



contradiction between this and his reiterated statements that these lesions, 

 especially the spinal canal lesions, are peculiarly characteristic of chronic, 

 not of acute, loco disease. Moreover, as these lambs were affected for only 

 two or three weeks, the anemia alone would hardly have progressed with 

 such rapidity as to cause the serous effusions, in the absence of some more 

 direct cause. From these accounts it appears that this peculiar 'coagu- 

 lum ' was sometimes outside the dura, 'epidural,' at other times in the 

 cavity of the spinal column. 



Marsh found also changes in the stomach at autopsy on locoed animals. 

 (p. 114) "A diseased condition of the stomach was a common accompani- 

 ment of the locoed condition, this being marked in cattle by ulcers in the 

 fourth stomach." In another place, (p. 97), he says: 



In acute cases the (stomach) walls are very much inflamed. In chronic cases 

 ulcers are commonly present. The ulcers are not so common in the stomach of horses, 

 "but are almost invariably present in the fourth stomachs of cattle. In sheep one is 

 apt to find inflamed walls rather than ulcers. In these ulcers a microscopic examina- 

 tion shows that the mucous membrane is entirely destroyed. Sometimes other 

 parts of the alimentary canal may be inflamed or have small ulcers but this is not a 

 usual condition. 



In another place (Bull. 246, p. 34) he states, that, as the result of loco 

 feeding, ulcers are found in the stomachs of horses and in the fourth stom- 

 achs of cattle and sheep. In addition Marsh found that the hemolymph 

 glands were unduly prominent and very numerous, and ovarian disease 

 was common. • 



The picture was not uniform in all of Marsh's experimental animals. 

 Two horses developed acute glanders (p. 461). Others, according to 

 Glover, Marsh's colleague (Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, 

 18th Annual Report, p. 52), showed unmistakable symptoms of starvation, 

 and on careful autopsy, revealed no characteristic lesion. 



Marsh lays great emphasis upon the anemia observed in locoed animals. 

 He foimd no blood parasites upon examination (p. 92). He found it im- 

 possible, however, on account of other duties to secure any very large 

 number of blood determinations. Some counts were made during the sec- 

 ond and third summers. The normal number of red corpuscles for healthy 

 cattle was found to be something over 8,000,000. The count was high, as 

 the experiment camp was at an altitude of 5,000 feet above the sea. The 

 hemoglobin (Tallquist), averaged between 90 and 95 per cent. Very severely 

 locoed animals in the last stages of the disease, examined in 1906 gave an 

 average of over 5,000,000 corpuscles, with hemoglobin averaging 70 per 

 cent, while convalescents and those less severely locoed, examined in 1907 



