98 Tall Bearded Iris 



VIII), in honor of Charles D'Anjou, King of Naples, 

 who was of French descent, brother of Louis IX, 

 King of France. 



Fig. VIII. — Mariner's Compass* 



TRADE-MARKS AND SIGN-BOARDS.— Some of 



the early paper-makers used the Fleur-de-lis as a 

 water-mark or device to distinguish the paper of 

 their manufacture, each adopting a different outline 

 of the flower. "Les Filigranes", by C. ,M. Briquet, 

 contains numerous plates showing many of the forms 

 used. 



As early as, at least, 1505, printers and publishers 

 began to use the Fleur-de-lis as a trade-mark. Some- 

 times merely a simple, crude outline of a portion of 

 the flower was adopted, but the marks of some pub- 

 lishers were quite elaborate and artistic. "Early 



*From the American Cyclopedia. 



