206 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 



Clanostachys theobromse "' probably as its conidial stages, is on 

 fruits and stems of cacao. 



C. bahiensis Hem. reported in South America on cacao stems 

 is really an Anthostomella; C. gigaspora Mass." is found on 

 sugar-cane. 



Gibberella Saccardo (p. 198) 



Stromata tuberculate, more or less effused; perithecia cespitose 



or occasionally scattered on or surrounding the stroma; asci clavate, 



8-spored; spores fusoid, 4 to many-celled, hyaline; conidial phase 



a Fusarium. 



Of the thirteen species but few are parasitic. 



G. saubinetii (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc. "*• ^^^ 



Perithecia gregarious, leathery membranous, verrucose, ovate, 



subpedicellate, bluish, papillate, 



200-300 X 170-220 fi; asci oblong 



clavate, acuminate, 60-76 x 10- 



12 It; spores one or obliquely 



two-ranked, fusiform, curved or 



straight, acute, 4-celled, 18-24 x 



4-5 n; mycelium effused, crus- 



FiQ. 147.— G. saubinetii; 2, Fusarium tose, white to rose colored. Co- 

 spores, 5, the asci. After Selby. . ,. - -r-, . x i-. 



nidia (=Fusanum) solitary, or 



clustered, fusiform, curved, acute or apiculate, 5-septate, hyaline, 



24-40 X 5 M- 



Many species of Fusarium, e. g., F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, 

 F. hordei, F. heterosporum, have been referred to this ascigerous 

 stage. Spherical stylospores are also reported."" 



The mycelium and the conidial stages often coat the grains and 

 heads of cereals with red or pink. Perithecia are rare as shining 

 dark dots on the grains in the late season. The Fusarium stage 

 also is said to cause a clover and alfalfa disease and the fungus by 

 inoculation and culture is shown to be identical on wheat, clover, 

 barley, rye, spelt, emmer, and oat. It is carried from season to 

 season on infected seed and causes large loss of young plants. 

 Doubt as to the relationship of the Fusarial forms mentioned with 

 the ascigerous stages has been raised by the work of Appel and 

 WoUenweber. See also Fusarium (p. 646). 



