310 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 



scattered and the leaves become shredded; spores usually ellip- 

 soidal to spherical, occasionally irregular, prominently echinulate, 

 chiefly 9-14 fi in length. 



It appears to be perennial. The spores germinate sparsely. 

 The promyceUum is long, branched, septate, and produces no 



conidia. 



On numerous species of grass, including red top, timothy and 

 species of Poa and Festuca throughout Europe and America. 



Species of less importance, not all found in America are: 



U. schiiiana Hem. which attacks bamboo; ^^ 



U. secalis Rab. is European on rye; possibly a Tilletia. 



U. esculenta P. Hen. which causes swellings on Zizania which 

 are eaten in the orient; 



U. vaillantii Tul. in the sexual organs of the Liliacese; 



U. panici-miliacei (Pers.) Wint. on Panicum miliaceum; 



U. tragopogi-pratensis (Pers.) Wint. on the flowers of Trago^ 

 pogon; 



U. cruenta Kiihn, widespread in Europe on sorghum; 



U. violacea (Pers.) Fcl. on the anthers of various members of 

 the Caryophyllaceae; 



U. tulipae Wint. on tulips and related hosts; 



U. vrieseana Vuill. on eucalyptus roots, a very doubtful species; 



U. sphserogena Burr, on Panicum crus-galli. 



The fungus described as U. fischeri Pers. from Italy on corn 

 is a Sterigmatocystis as is also U. phoenicis Corda on date fruits 

 and U. ficumn Reich on figs. 



Sphacelotheca De Bary (p. 302) 



Sori usually in the inflorescence, often limited to the ovaries, 

 provided with a definite, more or less temporary, false membrane, 

 covering a dusty spore-mass; and a central columella, usually 

 formed chiefly of the host plant's tissues. The false membrane 

 is composed largely or entirely of sterile fungous cells which are 

 hyaline or slightly tinted, oblong to spherical, and usually more 

 or less firmly bound together; spores single, usually reddish-brown, 

 developed in a somewhat centripetal manner as in Cintractia, 

 small to medium in size; germination as in Ustilago. 



Sixteen species are recorded by Clinton for America. Of these 



