BREEDS OF CATTLE 223 



years, among which Darhngton Cranford 5th gave over 

 100,000 pounds of milk during ten years. Shorthorn milk 

 tests around 4 per cent fat, and many excellent butter-fat 

 records have been made. At least 300 pounds of fat should 

 be made in a year by a fair example of the breed. An 

 AustraUan cow, Melba VII, produced 868 pounds in a year, 

 and Rose of Glenside, in her test above referred to, made 735 

 pounds of fat. Milking Shorthorns have grown greatly in 

 popularity in recent years. Among the more favorably known 

 families are the Clay, Waterloo, Kinsella, and Buttercup. 



Remarkable prices have been paid for Shorthorn cattle 

 now for over a century. In 1811 at the sale of Charles 

 Colling the bull Comet sold for $5,000. In 1873 at the New 

 York Mills sale, 109 animals sold for $381,990, an average 

 of $3,504, the cow Eighth Duchess of Geneva bringing the 

 top price of histoiy for a cow, $40,600. In 1919 the bull 

 Gartley Lancer sold in Scotland for $23,750, while two other 

 bulls brought $21,000 each. 



Polled Shorthorns are bred and registered separately, 

 although from pure Shorthorn ancestry. They were first 

 called Polled Durhams, but since 1919 have been known as 

 Polled Shorthorns. They do not differ from ordinary Short- 

 horns except that they are polled. They have not greatly 

 grown in popularity. 



The Hereford breed of cattle originated in the county of 

 Hereford, in southwest England. There are many beauti- 

 ful meadows and grassy hills in this region. The cattle 

 graze here the whole year and are rarely kept under roof. 

 We know but Uttle of the origin of this breed. Cattle have 

 thrived in this part of England for centuries. One noted 

 English judge of hve stock over a hundred years ago gave 

 the opinion that the Hereford might have been the first breed 

 on the island. Some time before 1671, white-faced cattle 

 were brought from Holland to Hereford, and some think the 

 Herefords get their white faces from these cattle Late in 



