PREFACE ix 



ments has grown the demand for trained men to take charge 

 of the work, and as a result many forest schools are intro- 

 ducing courses in the care of trees. The writer has tried to 

 shape and present the material in such a way as to make the 

 book useful to the private owner of trees, to those endeavor- 

 ing to establish municipal tree departments, and to those in 

 charge of the work of such departments. 



The book treats particularly of the planting and care of 

 street-trees. As in this work, however, the most adverse 

 conditions for tree growth have to be overcome, the problem 

 is considered from the severest standpoint; and the book, 

 therefore, covers the planting and care of shade and orna- 

 mental trees in state and county roads, public parks, private 

 grounds, and other places. Some of the methods, such as 

 pruning and tree surgery, apply to fruit-trees as well. 



The writer wishes to acknowledge his gratitude to the 

 members of the East Orange Shade-Tree Commission for 

 their encouragement in the preparation of this work. All 

 references to the methods of tree-planting in the city of 

 Washington are the result of personal visits and study and 

 information kindly furnished by Mr. Trueman Lanham, 

 Superintendent of the Trees and Parkings Division of the 

 District of Columbia, whose courtesy has been very much 

 appreciated. Authorities for reference to methods used in 

 the city of Paris have been correspondence with the Prefect 

 of the Seine, who has charge of the street-trees of Paris, and 

 Les Arbres de la Ville de Paris, by A. Chargueraud. Ac- 

 knowledgment is due to Dr. N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief 

 of the New York Botanical Garden, for looking over the 

 manuscript of Chapter III. ; to Mr. George B. Sudworth, 

 Dendrologist, United States Forest Service, for looking over 

 the manuscript of the first half of the book; to Dr. W. A. 



