12 PEINCIPLES OP TETEEINAKY SUEGEEY 



Why should the actual cautery he employed at a dull-red heat f 

 At a white heat the eschar formed is completely car- 

 "bonized and would not stick ; when a black heat is applied to 

 the parts the eschar formed will adhere to the cautery. 



Describe the use of cold and heat as a hemostatic. 



Either one produces contraction and coagulation, but is; 

 of use only in hemorrhages from small vessels and oozing; 

 from larger surfaces. 



What remedial agents — that is, styptics — are employed in the' 

 arrest of hemorrhage, and how do they act ? 

 These chemicals when brought into immediate contact, 

 with the bleeding part, produce coagulation and contractioiL 

 of the vessel. They are either applied directly to the parta 

 or a tampon is saturated with them and held against the- 

 bleeding surface by some compressing agent. Modem, 

 surgery objects to their use, as they form a repugnant clot^ 

 favor infection, and act as an irritant. Those more fre- 

 quently employed are : tannoform, tannic acid, alum, vinegar- 

 and tincture of iron. 



What constitutional treatment is indicated in hemorrhage f" 

 Unless an exhaustive hemorrhage occurred, rest is alL 

 that is required. In serious bleeding, rest, the application of 

 heat to the body surface, and stimulants and the infusion of 

 a normal saline solution per rectum, or in very urgent cases; 

 intravenouslj . In cases of internal bleeding, where the; 

 leaking vessel cannot be secured, the best agent is fld. extr.,. 

 hydrastis canadensis. 



Describe hemophilia, 



A congenital tendency to persistent hemorrhages froim 

 the slightest wound. 



