134 PBINOIPLES OF.VETEBINAEY SUBOEBT 



plant fibers or hairs. As a rule they cause no inconveniencflj 

 but may, when regurgitated, become lodged in the oesophagus 

 and give rise to symptoms of choke. 



Describe salivary calculi. 



They are seen in horses and cattle, especially in Stenos 

 duct. Single stones are of oval shape, while multiple ones 

 are variously shaped as the surfaces which are in contact with 

 each other are ground down. In the center there is usually 

 some foreign body, as a bit of straw or an oat kernel, which 

 forms the nucleus to the whole. They vary from pea to egg 

 size and are composed mainly of carbonate of lime, some 

 phosphate of lime and organic substances ; they have a white 

 to pale yellow color. 



Describe lacteal calculi. 



These concretions, found in the teat or milk cistern of the 

 udder, are made up principally of carbonate of lime with 

 some fat and casein. They are of variable shape, may 

 become as large as a hazel nut and range in color from pale 

 yellow to gray. Clogging the channel through which the 

 milk is emptied, it becomes of surgical interest. 



Describe preputial calculi. 



These are observed in the urethral sinus of the penis and 

 in the prepuce proper, the former being commonly termed 

 " beans," which when attaining a certain size may obstruct 

 the flow of urine. They are smooth, oval concretions maiiily 

 consisting of inspissated smegma. 



Describe the rice Jcernel bodies. 



These peculiar formations, also known as corpora libra, - 

 chondroids, are of organic origin, representing coagulated or 

 inspissated or calcified products of inflammation or bits of . 



