CONCRETIONS AND FOEEIGN BODIES 135 



neoformations, "bone or cartilage. They are found in the 

 guttural pouches, tendon sheaths, bursse and articulations. 



How do you treat the various calculi ? 



Urinary calculi are subject to operative measures — 

 namely, by cystotomy and urethrotomy. Intestinal calculi 

 in horses are, as a rule, beyond reach, if not beyond a positive 

 diagnosis. Hair balls in cattle, when giving rise to choke, 

 are treated as such. Salivary calculi are removed by opening 

 the salivary duct and extracting the stone. The same refers 

 to lacteal calculi. Preputial calculi can be easily removed 

 by hand. The treatment of corpora libra is discussed under 

 its respective head. 



Foreign Bodies. 



What are foreign "bodies ? 



Any irritant entering the tissues of the body from with- 

 out. 



In what parts of the hody a/re foreign bodies of sv/rgical 

 interest ? 

 Buccal cavity, pharynx and oesophagus, stomach and 

 intestines, respiratory apparatus, eye and ear, hoof, skin, sub- 

 cutis, muscles, bones and internal organs. 



Where do you find foreign bodies in the mouth ? 



In, beneath and around the tongue, between the teeth, 

 mucous membranes of the cheeks, palate, openings of the 

 ducts of salivary glands. 



What symptoms are they likely to produce ? 



Ptyalism, chewing motions, quidding of food (difficult 

 mastication), stomatitis and rabiform attacks (dogs). 



