CONOEETIONS AND FOREIGN BODIES 137 



What effect do they have upon cattle ? 



As a rule th.ey do not cause any inconvenience, only wlien 

 sharp and long enough, they perforate the wall of the organ 

 holding it ; thus they perforate the diaphragm, pericardium, 

 and injure the heart, causing serious disease of the digestion 

 and heart (traumatic gastritis and pericarditis). 



What foreign bodies are observed in the stomach and intes- 

 tines of the dog ? 



Bullets, balls, coins, spools, etc. 

 What symptoms do they give rise to ? 



Sometimes none at all ; then again more or less anorexia, 

 emesis, constipation, great restlessness, or great dejection ; in 

 other words, symptoms suggestive of intestinal obstruction. 



What foreign bodies are seen in the rectum and urethra ? 



In the rectum of the dog any of the previously-mentioned 

 foreign bodies may be seen ; in the horse, pepper, lumps of 

 salt herring (introduced by empirics). In the urethra of tha 

 horse I found a piece of a catheter. 



What foreign bodies are found in the respiratory apparatus f 

 Accumulations of food in the maxillary sinus ; in the^ 

 nasal cavity, food, sponges, cotton, etc., placed there by jib- 

 bers to hide nasal discharges of the horse. In the trachea,^ 

 pieces of cartilage aspirated during tracheotomy, pieces of the 

 tracheotomy tube, oil, especially when drenched through the 

 nose. 

 What symptoms do they produce ? 



Purulent nasal discharge, usually unilateral when the 

 sinus is affected, or violent fits of coughing at first, with 

 subsequent symptoms of a foreign body pneumonia in case 

 the foreign body entered the trachea. 



