OONCBETIONS AND FOBEIGN BODIES 139 



air may enter tlie vein and -when of sufficient amount may 

 produce death, by arresting the heart. 



Outline the treatment for foreign bodies. 



Those in the mouth are simply extracted with the fingers 

 or forceps. Those in the pharynx of horses and cattle I have 

 frequently removed by directing a stream of water from a 

 handpnmp against the wedged masses (with proper care and 

 judgment). In the dog, they are removed with a forceps or 

 an emetic (apomorphine). In the horse, sialagogues, as areco- 

 line and pilocarpine, may also be used. Those which are in 

 the oesophagus are pushed into the stomach with the probang 

 (an easy thing in the ox but much more difficult in the horse). 

 At other times cesophagotomy or modifications of that opera- 

 tion are indicated. Of course those cases where the pharynx 

 or oesophagus are perforated are beyond remedy. Foreign 

 bodies in the guttural pouches are best removed by Merillat's 

 operation (opening the pouch through the soft palate). Those 

 in the stomach — that is, the rumen — of the ox may at times 

 be removed by rumenotomy. Those in dogs, unless they 

 come away with an emetic, or, if in the bowels, with a purge, i 

 may be removed by enterotomy, which when properly done is 

 borne very well by the dog. Those in the respiratory appar- i 

 atus (the nasal cavity) can be removed with the fingers or j 

 forceps. Those in the sinuses by trephining them. Those in , 

 the trachea are usually beyond reach. Those in the eye may 

 be washed out with a soft rubber syringe or picked up with a 

 forceps. Those of the ear usually require an antiparasitic 

 treatment. Those of the hoof are simply pulled out when 

 present and good drainage and antisepsis are employed. 

 Those in the skin and underlying parts are removed when m 

 situ, unless it is reasonable to presume that an aseptic pro- 

 cess of healing is possible, as in some gunshot wounds. ■ 



