154 PEINCIPLES OF VETEKINAEY SUEGEET 



Describe complete fractures. 



The fracture extends entirely across or through the thick- 

 ness of the bone. 



How do you divide complete fractures according to the direc- 

 tion of the line of fracture ? 



Transverse : The break runs more or less at a right 

 angle to the long axis of the bone. Generally caused by a 

 direct force. 



Oblique : The line of fracture runs obliquely to the long 

 axis of the bone. Generally due to indirect causes. 



Longitudinal : The line of fracture runs more or less 

 parallel to the long axis of the bone. 



Dentated or toothed : Each broken end exhibits sharp 

 points and depressions ; that is, it is serrated. 



V-shaped : The upper fragment shows a triangular pro- 

 jection, while the other one exhibits a notch into which the 

 triangular or wedge shaped projection fits. 



T-shaped : Consists of an upper transverse or oblique 

 line plus a vertical or longitudinal line of fracture. In the 

 horse, most commonly seen in the os suffraginis. 



What is a multiple fracture ? 



It is a complete fracture where either more than one bone 

 is broken or where one bone is fractured miore than once. 



What is a comminuted fracture ? 



It is a complete fracture with considerable splintering of 

 the bone where the lines of fracture communicate with each 

 other. 



Describe compound fractures. 



In this fracture the overlying soft parts either were 

 injured from without by direct violence or from within by 



