168 PEINCrPLES OP VETEKINAET SURGERY 



another person steadily pulls "upon the lower fragment, as 

 mucli as possible in the direction of the normal axis of the 

 broken bone, while the surgeon adjusts the broken fragments 

 to their proper position. In the larger animals, chloroform, 

 is best. Given in the horse, morphine is contraindicated, as 

 .its after effects (the horse gets restless) are detrimental. Of 

 course before the animal is laid down it will be necessary to 

 temporarily dress the broken parts to avoid further injury as 

 he is laid down. Sometimes extension, counter-extension and 

 reduction can be effected simply with the aid of a nose-twist. 

 In practicing extension in the horse it is at times necessary to 

 make use of pulleys to overcome the resistance offered by the 

 elasticity of muscles, tendons, etc. 



How can you tell that the limb is properly reduced f 



Take into consideration the position of the hoof or toes, 

 as the case may be, and the length of the limb. 



How are the broken fragments retained in proper position f 



In both horse and dog, I consider the plaster of paris 

 bandage the best means. 



How do you apply the plaster of paris dressing ? 



Unless considerable swelling is present, a permanent 

 dressing is applied as follows : Wrap around the affected 

 part a thin layer of cotton ; place over it a flannel bandage 

 and over this the plaster of paris dressing. In the horse it is 

 not necessary to apply the first layer — that is, the cotton. 



How do you treat a recent simple fracture with considerable 

 swelling of the adjacent soft parts ? 



Here a permanent dressing cannot be applied, therefore 

 a temporary one should be used, consisting of padding the 

 parts with cotton, placing over this a flannel bandage ; the 



