DISEASES OF BONES 173 



as a last resource, amputation of the affected parts is neces- 

 sary. 



When are the above principles applicable in veterinary 

 surgery ? 



The veterinarian is occasionally called upon to extend 

 such treatment to pet dogs, or larger animals -which on 

 account of their value as producers are worth the expense of 

 8uch a treatment. 



Which fractures in the horse are of special interest to the 

 practitioner ? 



. 1. Fracture of the external angle of the ilium. Inspec- 

 tion : Rounded appearance of that portion of the pelvis, 

 swinging-leg lameness. Palpation : No crepitation, and 

 absence of external angle of ilium, as the bony fragment is 

 .drawn down and inwards. Prognosis favorable. Time re- 

 quired, four to six weeks. 



2. Fracture of the shaft of the ilium. Inspection : 

 Swinging-leg lameness, possibly swelling of that half of the 

 pelvis. Palpation : Crepitation, usually by rectal examina- 

 tion or by placing one hand over the region of the hip and 

 the other one against the ischial tuberosity and causing the 

 horse to step over. Prognosis doubtful. 



3. Fracture through the obturator foramen. Inspection: 

 Supporting-leg lameness. Palpation : Crepitation on rectal 

 examination. Prognosis doubtful. 



4. Fracture of the pubis. Inspection : Supporting-leg 

 lameness, possibly swelling under the belly (scrotum, udder). 

 Palpation: Crepitation, not always detectable. Prognosis 

 doubtful. 



6. Fracture of external branch of the ischium. Inspec- 

 tion : Little or no lameness, region of hip joint bulges out. 



