214 PBINCIPLES OP VETERraABY SDBQEEY 



What hind of tissues are found to be the cause of anchylosis 

 of joints ? 

 Joints are rendered immovable by fibrous, cartilaginous 

 and bony adhesions. 



What is an intracapsular, what an extracapsular anchylosis? 



In the former, also known as intra-articular ancbylosis, 

 the consolidating mass lies witbin the joint cavity, while in 

 the latter it lies external to the capsular membrane. 



Oive the etiology of articular anchylosis. 



In navicular hoof disease, in spavin and articular ring- 

 bone, it is the result of a deforming arthritis. Anchylosis of 

 the vertebral column, as in old horses, is due to ossification of 

 the intervertebral fibrocartilages. It may be due to an ossify- 

 ing periostitis such as arises in the course of a periarthritis. 

 Generally speaking, it is the result of a chronic arthritis. 



When does the surgeon encourage the formation of an anchy- 

 losis 9 

 As soon as a joint is anchylosed it becomes stiff, and not 

 being able to move any more, it also becomes painless. This 

 painless state is what the surgeon desires to obtain, as the 

 absence of pain means equally well — in a great many cases at 

 least — an absence of lameness. B'or this reason, for instance, 

 a horse spavin-lame is fired and blistered with the hope to 

 anchylose the parts and thus remove pain and lameness. 



How do you treat anchylosis ? 



In animals, at least, it is incurable. Such operations as 

 osteotomy, resection of joints and arthrotomy, while invalu- 

 able to man, are of little practical interest to the veterinary 

 surgeon. 



