' DISEASES OP VEINS 271 



the navel of the newly-born, the umbilical vein becomes 

 infected and a most fatal thrombophlebitis sets in, a state 

 commonly termed omphalophlebitis; phlebitis of the saphena 

 vein as a result of cellulitis of the hindleg is also quite com- 

 mon. This phlegmonous condition of the hindlegs of heavily 

 fed horses is usually termed lymphangitis, (This is not quite 

 correct, as the lymphangitis is not a primary but a secondary 

 pathological state, brought about by the absorption of irritants 

 or toxic products of inflammation.) 



Another example of thrombophlebitis of much clinical 

 interest is the thrombophlebitis of the veins of the nasal 

 mucous membrane. 



Here the septum nasi shows little nodules, or small, elon- 

 gated prominences of rosary-like arrangement of light to red- 

 dish gray color, surrounded by a darker zone. This condition 

 has been mistaken for glanders, but each grayish nodule 

 represents a white venous thrombus, and the fact that no ulcer- 

 ations take place differeniiates it from glanders. 



What are the symptoms of phlebitis ? 



The vein is swollen, painful and hard, possibly knotty ; . 

 the surrounding tissues are edematous. In older cases a fistu- 

 lous opening with a purulent discharge is seen — that is, in 

 those which are superficially located, as, for instance, the 

 jugular vein. 



B.ow do you explain the swollen and Tcnotty state of the inflamed 

 vein ? 

 The firmness of the inflamed vein is due to the formation 

 of a thrombus and infiltration of its walls, while the knotty 

 state is seen in those veins which are equipped with valves 

 which, obstructing the flow of blood to a certain extent, 

 encourage the development of the inflammatory process at 



