272 PEINCIPLES OF TETEEINAEY SUBGEEY 



that place— that is, at the valves— and, as a consequence of 

 this, the knots appear. 



Outline the treatment of phlebitis. 



Best, laxatives in the earlier stages, astringent applica- 

 tions, later moist heat ; abscesses are to be opened and asepti- 

 cised. In infectious thrombophlebitis intravenous injections 

 of coUargolum or tallianine may be of advantage. As a rule, 

 all treatment is futile. 



Varicose Veins (Varix). 



What is a varicose vein ? 



A permanent elongation of the lumen of a vein, the lat- 

 ter appearing tortuous and knotty. 



What are the causes of varix ? 



A predisposing momeht lies in a sluggish return circula- 

 tion, as is seen in the extremities, for instance; the most com- 

 mon cause is chronic endophlebitis, also traumatisms ; they 

 may be congenital. 



Sow common are varicose veins in animals ? 



While more frequently seen than aneurisms, they are, on 

 the whole, rare. Those reports of varicose veins of the rectal 

 membrane (hemorrhoids) in the dog are mostly based upon a 

 wrong diagnosis, being usually a diseased state of glands 

 peculiar to the anus. At the same time, true varicose veins 

 have been observed, as : hemorrhoids, milk veins of cowS, 

 upon the scrotum of dogs ; I have seen a varix of the spur 

 •vein of a mare ; finally, varicose veins on the spermatic cord 

 are not uncommon. 



Upon what do you base the diagnosis of varix ? 



The presence of an elongated dilatation of a vein, knotty 



