282 PEINOIPLES OP VETEEINAET SURGEBT 



sufficiently malignant (4) by abscess formation or even by (5) 

 gangrene. 



W hat are the clinical featwres of pa/renchymatous mammitis 9 

 The inflamed quarter is painful, bot, firm and decidedly 

 swollen. In tbe earlier stages, the milk is watery, somewhat 

 yellow or even colored red with blood and lumpy; it contains 

 fibrin. 



W hich anatomical stfuetures are involved in catarrhal mam- 

 mitis ? 

 The mucous membrane of the lactiferous ducts, sinus and 

 teat. 



What are scquelce of catarrhal mammitis ? 



As a result of fibrous tissue changes the teat and lactifer- 

 ous ducts may become obliterated or their lumen becomes 

 much smaller (stenosis); fibrous membranes may develop in 

 the galactopherous sinus, obstructing it, under which circum- 

 stances the diseased quarter wastes away. Finally, the catar- 

 rhal inflammation may extend to the interstitial connective 

 tissue, producing hyperplasia of the same, as a result of which 

 the diseased quarter becomes indurated and enlarged (pseudo- 

 hypertrophy). 



What are the clinical featv/res of catarrhal mammitis ? 



In the earlier stages, the gland is not swollen and but 

 slightly painful on deep palpation. The milk is watery and 

 lumpy, resembling whey. Later, as sclerotic changes set in, 

 the teat and sinus feel like a pencil twirled between the fin- 

 gers, while pseudo-hypertrophy or atrophy are readily recog- 

 nized, especially when the diseased quarter is compared with 

 healthy ones. 



