FAMILIES AND GENERA 309 



Series i. PYRENOCARPEAE 



Algal cells Protococcaceae or Palmella. 



I. MORIOLACEAE \ 



II. EPIGLOEACEAE \. Thallus crustaceous, perithecia solitary. 



III. VERRUCARIACEAE] 



IV. DERMATOCARPACEAE. Thallus squamulose or foliose. 



V. PYRENOTHAMNIACEAE. Thallus fruticose. 

 Algal cells Prasiola. 



VI. MASTOIDIACEAE. 

 Algal cells Trentepohlia. 



VII. PYRENULACEAE 1 ™ „ .^ . ■ • , 



VIII. PARATHELIACEAeY Thallus crustaceous, penthecia occurring smgly. 



IX. TRYPELHELIACEAE\ „, „ ^ ... ... ^ . ,, 



Y A^TRDTHFT TACF Af\' Thallus crustaceous, penthecia united (stromatoid). 



XI. MYCOPORACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, perithecia in compact groups with a 



common outer wall. 



XII. PHYLLOPYRENIACEAE. Thallus minutely foliose. 

 Algal cells Phyllactidtum or Mycoidea. 



XIII. STRIGULACEAE. Tropical leaf-hchens. 

 Algal cells Nostoc or Scytonema. 



XIV. PYRENIDIACEAE. Thallus minutely squamulose or fruticose. 



Series 2. GYMNOCARPEAE 



Subseries I. Coniocarpineae, with subperithecial fruits. 

 Subseries 2. Graphidineae, with elongate, narrow fruits. 

 Subseries 3. Cyclocarpineae, with round open fruits. 



Subseries i. CONIOCARPINEAE 

 This is a well-defined group, peculiar in the disappearance of the asci at an early stage 

 so that the spores lie like a powder in the globose partly closed fruits. Algal cells, bright- 

 green ; Protococcaceae. There are only three families : 



XV. CALICIACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia stalked. 



XVI. CYPHELIACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia sessile. 



XVII. SPHAEROPHORACEAE. Thallus foliose or fruticose, apothecia sessile. 



Subseries 2. GRAPHIDINEAE 

 This subseries comes next in the form of fruit development; generally the apothecia 

 are elongate, with a narrow slit-like opening, so that a transverse section shows almost a 

 perithecial outhne. Algal cells are mostly Trentepohlia. 



XVIII. ARTHONIACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia oval or linear, flat. 



XIX. GRAPHIDACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia hnear, raised. 



XX. CHIODECTONA CEAE. Thallus crustaceous, apothecia generally immersed in 



a stroma. 



XXI. DIRINACEAE. Thallus crustaceous, corticate above, apothecia round. 



XXII. ROCCELLACEAE. Thallus fruticose, apothecia round or elongate. 



Subseries 3. CYCLOCARPINEAE 



A large and very varied group ! In most of the families the algal cells are bright-green 



(Chlorophyceae), in some they are blue-green (Cyanophyceae), these latter corresponding 



to Reinke's order Cyanophili. The apothecia, as the name implies, are round and open ; 



the "Cyanophili" have been placed by Zahlbruckner after those families in which the 



