OF ILLINOIS BIRDS 



Oak, Winged Elm, Southern Red Elm, Planer Tree, 

 Mississippi Hackberry, Cucumber Tree, Sweet Gum, 

 Narrow-leaved Crab-apple, Lance-leaved Crab-apple, 

 Green Haw, Shining Haw, Washington Haw, Bar- 

 berry-leaved Haw, Wild Goose Plum, Chickasa Plum, 

 Water Locust, Black Locust, Deciduous Holly, Yellow 

 Buckeye, Carolina Buckthorn, Florida Linden, Mi- 

 chaux's Linden, Hercules Club, Swamp Tupelo, Fark- 

 elberry. Woolly Bumelia, Southern Bumelia, Pumpkin 

 Ash, Catalpa, Southern Black Haw. 



In addition to the species of birds which character- 

 ize the Lower Austral Zone in Illinois, there are many 

 subspecies, for, as a rule, whenever a species of wide 

 distribution is represented in the Gulf States by a 

 peculiar subspecies it is the latter which breeds in 

 Southern Illinois, at least the extreme southern portion 

 and in the lower Wabash Valley. Species thus repre- 

 sented by their southern subspecies are: Great Blue 

 Heron, Screech Owl, Hairy Woodpecker, Downy 

 Woodpecker, Pileated Woodpecker, Flicker, Night- 

 hawk, Bluejay, Crow, Red-winged Blackbird, Meadow- 

 lark, White-breasted Nuthatch and Robin. The Lower 

 Austral Zone is negatively characterized by the absence 

 (total or comparative) during winter of many northern 

 birds which are m.ore or less common during the season 

 in the more northern portions of the state. None of the 

 following, for example, has ever been observed, even 

 during the most severe winters here in Richland 

 County though some of them may occur in other parts 

 of southern Illinois : Goshawk, Great Gray Owl, Saw- 

 whet Owl, Evening Grosbeak, Pine Grosbeak, Redpoll, 

 Snowflake, Bohemian Wax-wing, Northern Shrike and 

 Chickadee.'^ 



As might be expected from the geographic position 

 of Illinois, its bird fauna contains a few western 

 species. So far as known these are as follows, those 

 breeding (or formerly breeding) in Illinois being in 



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