128 MEMOIR OP ALFRED SMEE. [Chap. XI. 



ligence, or tools, by which mechanical force is regulated. No 

 animal but man has the power of abstraction or of using abstract 

 ideas." For further illustrations of the great difference there is 

 in the mind of animals and the mind of man, I refer the reader 

 to ' The Mind of Man,' as well as to ' Instinct and Eeason.' 



The Pneuma-Noemic group. — Where the faculties of dwelling 

 upon that which is infinite — such as the Deity, the soul, eternity, 

 heaven, hell — " bear a proper relation to the other faculties com- 

 prised within the former classes, the man is greatly dignified and 

 raised above his fellows. In cases where these properties of the 

 mind are shown, to the exclusion of the other faculties, the man 

 degenerates to the degraded position of the wild fanatic and 

 devotee." 



We must (he adds, in ' Instinct and Reason ') not mistake cases of per- 

 verted reason for instances where these faculties are fully developed. Tor 

 instance, the Hindoo priests induce the widow to sacrifice herself on the 

 funeral pile only by an intense excitement of her nervous system ; so also 

 the Popish priests ensnare their victims for nunneries and convents in a 

 similar manner. In like manner the fanatical enthusiasts of America are 

 so over-stimulated that it is recorded that they not only injure their bodily 

 frame, but occasionally damage permanently their mental powers. All 

 these cases do not come under this class ; but the sufferers exhibit the 

 natural degradation of perverted reason under the false guidance of a 

 heartless priesthood. 



The Dynamic group. — There 'are also many varieties or sub- 

 divisions of this group. 



Some persons are quick of action, others indolent; some act by 

 aisthenic impressions, others direct their actions by thought. Some are 

 governed by religious impressions ; others act solely from the immediate 

 impressions of pleasure or pain. 



Throughout all these subdivisions the human mind is modified 

 by memory or forgetfulness. 



All these states of the mind, too, are governed by the age of the indi- 

 vidual. The boy exhibits properties ia the various departments of the mind 

 different from those of the child, the youth from the boy, the adult from 

 the youth, advanced life from the adult, and senility from advanced life. 



This is beautifully -shown in the diagram accompanying the 

 fifth chapter on ' The Mind of Man,' in which he speaks of education, 

 and how it should be conducted, so that no one department of the 

 mind should be brought into play to the exclusion of the rest. In 

 - Instinct and Eeason ' is a pretty illustration of the difference in 



