36 



ORGANOGRAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



bracts at the base 'of the partial umbel [Fool's Parsley, fig. 139). Both involucre 



and involucel may be absent [Fennel, fig. 137). 



4. In the spike [spica), the flowers 

 are sessile or subsessile on the primary- 

 axis [Plantain, fig. 140; Vervain, fig. 

 141). In the compound spike [s. composita) 

 the secondary axes each bear a small 



144. Willow. Staminiferous catkin. 



145. Willow. PistilliferoiiB catkin. 



146. Oak. 

 Staminiferous catkin. 



14!). Arnm. 

 Spadlx expo.=ed by 



the removal of 

 part of the spathe. 



distichous spike [spikelet. Wheat, fig. 142). In many 

 grasses, the spikelets are borne on long branching 

 pedicels, forming a panicle [Oat, fig. 143). 



The catkin [amentum) is a spike, the flowers of 

 which are incomplete [i.e. they want either stamens 

 or pistil), and which is deciduous when mature 

 [Mulberry ; Willoiv, figs, 144, 145; Oak, fig. 146). 



The cone [strohilus) is a catkin with large thick 

 scales, principally found on certain evergreen trees, 

 hence named Conifers [Pine, fig. 147). The spike 

 of the Hop (fig. 148) is a cone with large membranous bracts. 



The spadix [spadix) is a spike of incomplete flowers, which, when 

 young, is enveloped in a large bract or spathe [spatha). The axis 



of the spadix sometimes 

 flowers throughout its 

 length, sometimes the 

 upper portion is flowerless 

 [Arum, fig. 149). The 

 branched spadix of Palms 

 is called a ' regime ' (in 

 French). 



5. In the head [capi- 

 tulum) the flowers are 

 collected into a head or 

 depressed spike, of which the primary axis is vertically contracted, thus gaining 

 m thickness what it has lost in length [Scabious, fig. 160 ; Trefoil, fig. 161), -and the 



147. Pine. Cone. 



148. Hop. Cone. 



