48 



OEGANOGRAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



(campanulatus, Kidney-lean) ; — ureeolate {urceolatus) , when it resembles a small 



pitcher {Henbane, fig. 214). 



The calyx is connivent (s. conniventia), when the sepals bend towards each other 



(Ceanothus) ; — closed (s. claiisas), when their edges 

 touch without joining [Wallflower, fig. 8) ; — erect 

 (s.erectas), when the sepals are vertical {Rocket, &g. 



216. Fedia. 



Fruit crowned 



by a calyx with 



toothed limb. 



215. Quince. Fruit cut vertically. 



217. Madder. 218. Olu'ysan- 219. Helianthemum. 

 Pistil crowned themum. Flower Fruit crowned 

 by a calyx with without a by a paleated calyx 



obsolete Umb, oelyx. (mag.). 



220. Valerian. 



Fruit crowned by a calyx with 



feathery tuft (mag.;. 



250) ; — patent (s. patentia), when they spread horizontally {Mustard) ; — reflexed 

 (s. refl,exus), when turned back so as to expose their inner surface {Bulbous Crowfoot), 

 The calyx-limb may be petaloid {Iris) ; — -foUaceous {Quince, fig. 215) ; — toothed 

 {Fedia, fig. 216) ; — reduced to a small membranous crown {Field Camomile) — or 

 ring (c. margo obsoleius, Madder, fig. 217) ; — or altogether suppressed {Chrysanthemum, 

 fig. 218) ; in the latter case the calyx is said to be entire (c. integer), because its tube 

 is considered to be confiuent with the ovary, and undivided. 



The calyx-limb may be reduced to scales 

 {squamw or palece, Helianthemum, fig. 219) ; or to 

 radiating bristles or hairs, called a pappus {pap- 

 pus). Such a pappus may he plumose {p.plumosus) 

 when each of its hairs is covered 

 with long secondary hairs or barbs 

 visible to the naked eye {Va- 

 lerian, fig. 220 ; Salsify, fig. 221) ; 

 — simple {p. simplex) when the hairs 

 or bristles are smooth and silky 

 {Dandelion, fig. 222). 



222. Dandelion. 22.9. Scabious. 221. Salsify. The pappUS, whether simple Or 



Fruit crowned by Fruit open (mag.). Fruit crowned by a calyx . . ■ -7 • ^ i 



a calyx with a limb in Calyx with a with a piUmOSe, IS SCSSlle {p. SeSSllls) , WheU 



a simple tuft. stipitate tuft. feathery tuft. . i i • • j_ n t , i 



the hairs are inserted directly on 

 the top of the ovary {Cornflower, Valerian, fig. 220) ; stipitate {p. stipitatus), when 

 the calyx-tube is prolonged into a slender neck above the ovary {Dandelion, fig. 

 222 ; Salsify, fig. 221 ; Scabious, &g. 223). 



