02 



OEGANOGRAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



other Crudferm, the four stamens arranged in pairs alongside tlie pistil represent 

 two doubled ; the filaments of each pair are indeed often connected half-way up, 

 or throughout their length. In the Orange (fig. 483), the androecium consists of a 

 single whorl of thirty stamens, whose filaments cohere in bundles of four, fire, 

 or six; in St. John's Wort (fig. 484), the stamens form three or five bundles, of 

 which each may be considered as a doubled stamen; and so in Castor-oil (fig. 315), 

 the stamens of which form branched bundles. Each filament of the Laurel (fig. 

 486) bears on each side of its base a shortly stipitate gland, which firmly coheres 

 to it, and is sometimes developed into a true stamen. This shows that the stamen 

 of the Laurel with its two glands represents a stamen multiplied into three, of 

 which the two lateral are rudimentary. In many Garlics (fig. 320) the filaments 

 are dilated, and terminated by three teeth, of which the central only bears an anther ; 

 in Pancratium this dilatation is enormous ; the lateral lobes of each filament cohere 

 with the neighbouring filaments, and form with them a fringed tube ; in Narcissus 

 (fig. 486) this tube is still more remarkable, and assignable to the same origin. 



Many plants present the case both of multiplication and dedu plication ; the flower 

 of Butomus (fig. 487) has three sepals, three petals, six stamens in pairs opposite to the 



484. St. John's Wort. 

 Bundle of stamens. 



483. Orange. 

 Forbion of andrcicium. 



485. Laurel. 

 Stamen (mag.). 



487. Butomug. 

 Diagram. 



Narcissus pseudo-Narcissus. 

 Perianth laid open. 



sepals, three other stamens within the six preceding, also opposite the petals, and six 

 carpels in two series : here we have a multiplication of the androecium and pistil, and 

 besides this a collateral deduplication of the first whorl of the androecium. When the 

 stamens are twice and thrice as many as the petals, and by their extreme closeness 

 seem to form but a single whorl, it may be difficult to decide whether this is a case 

 of collateral deduplication of the androecium, or of multiplication, or of a dedupli- 

 cation of the corolla added to the normal androecium. This difficulty is increased 

 when the stamens all cohere. If the stamens are placed exactly on a level, they 

 may be formed by a collateral deduplication [Orange, fig. 483) ; if some are a little 

 within or without the others, which is easily distinguishable, in spite of coherence, 

 then it is a case either of multiplication or of parallel deduplication. It is a case of 

 multiplication when the outer stamens alternate with the petals (Berberis), but of 

 parallel deduplication when they are opposite to the petals {Oeranium, fig. 473). 



